@article { ISI:000231930500019,
	title = {Liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical},
	volume = {240},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2005},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {123-131},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	type = {Article},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with 1-dodecene was carried out over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconium oxyhydroxide and ammonium metatungstate. Catalysts with different WO3 loading (5-30 wt.\%) were prepared and calcined at 800 degrees C and catalyst with 15\% WO3 was calcined from 700-850 degrees C. All the catalysts were characterized by surface area, XRD, and FTIR. The catalyst with 15\% WO3 calcined at 800 degrees C (15 WZ-800) was found to be the most active in the reaction. The effect of temperature, molar ratio and catalyst weight on dodecene conversion and products selectivity was studied in detail. Under the optimized reaction conditions of 120 degrees C, phenol/1-dodecene molar ratio 2 and time 2 h, the catalyst 15 WZ-800 gave \&gt; 99\% dodecene conversion with 90\% dodecylphenol selectivity. Comparison of the catalytic activity of 15 WZ-800 with sulfated zirconia calcined at 500 degrees C (SZ-500) and HP zeolite showed that activity of SZ-500 was lower than that of 15 WZ-800, while HP zeolite showed negligible activity. It is observed that the presence of water in the reaction mixture was detrimental to the catalytic activity of WOx/ZrO2. The catalyst 15 WZ-800 also found to be an efficient catalyst for alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins like 1-octene and 1-decene. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkylation, long-chain olefins, phenol, tungsten oxide, Zirconia},
	issn = {1381-1169},
	doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2005.06.046},
	author = {Sarish, S. and Devassy, Biju M. and Bohringer, Walter and Fletcher, Jack C. Q. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.}
}
@article { ISI:000262657300010,
	title = {Comparative study on liquid phase alkylation of 2-methylnaphthalene with long chain olefins using different solid acid catalysts},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {352},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {74-80},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>A comparative study has been made over a variety of solid acid catalysts, which include isopoly and heteropoly ions supported on various supports such as zirconia, titania, a large variety of zeolites and a couple of mesoporous materials for liquid phasealkylation of 2-methylnaphthalene with 1-octene.All the catalyst systems were characterized by nitrogen sorption analysis, X-ray diffraction and NH(3)-TPD. Inspite of their high acid amounts zeolites gave poor catalytic performance due to their diffusional constraints; on the other hand mesoporous materials lacked diffusional constraints but due to their low acid amounts resulted in poor conversions. lsopoly and heteropoly ions supported on zirconia and titania were found to be catalytically active for the reaction due to total surface acidity. Among them, isopolytungstate supported on zirconia exhibited the best catalytic activity and was used for further optimization of reaction conditions. Excellent conversions of all olefins (\&gt;92\%) with high selectivity of monoalkylmethylnaphthalene (\&gt;95\%) was obtained under optimized reaction conditions. The catalyst could be recycled for several times without any obvious loss of its activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {2-Methylnaphthalene, Alkylation, Long chain olefins, Zirconia},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2008.09.032},
	author = {Lucas, Nishita and Bordoloi, Ankur and Amrute, Amol P. and Kasinathan, Palraj and Vinu, Ajayan and Bohringer, Walter and Fletcher, Jack C. Q. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.}
}
