@article { ISI:000230389700024,
	title = {Synthesis of linear alkyl benzenes over zirconia-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid catalysts},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A - Chemical},
	volume = {236},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2005},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {162-167},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	type = {Article},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with 1-octene and 1-dodecene was investigated using zirconia-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) as catalyst. The catalysts with different MPA loading (5-25 wt.\% calcined at 700 degrees C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.\% calcined from 500 to 750 degrees C) were prepared by suspending zirconium oxyhydroxide in methanol solution of MPA followed by drying and calcination. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and P-31 MAS NMR spectroscopy measurements. The XRD results indicated that MPA stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. 3 1 P MAS NMR spectra show that the nature of phosphorous species depend on MPA loading and calcination temperature, and it show the existence of three types of phosphorous species, one is the Keggin unit and the other is the decomposition product of MPA and third one an unidentified species. FTIR pyridine adsorption on 15\% MPA catalyst calcined at 700 degrees C showed the presence both Bronsted and Lewis acidity. Under the reaction conditions of 83 C, benzene/1-olefin molar ratio of 10 (time, 1 h), the most active catalyst, 15\% MPA calcined at 700 C gave more than 90\% olefin conversion with selectivity to 2-phenyl octane, 55\% and 2-phenyl dodecane, 45\%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {12-molybdophosphoric acid, benzene alkylation, linear alkyl benzene, Zirconia},
	issn = {1381-1169},
	doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2005.03.033},
	author = {Devassy, Biju M. and Lefebvre, F. and Bohringer, Walter and Fletcher, Jack C. Q. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.}
}
@article { ISI:000228435300001,
	title = {Zirconia-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid as a solid catalyst for the synthesis of linear alkyl benzenes},
	journal = {Journal of Catalysis},
	volume = {231},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	month = {APR},
	pages = {1-10},
	publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE},
	type = {Article},
	address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA},
	abstract = {<p>The liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with 1-octene and 1-dodecene was investigated with zirconia-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) as catalysts. We prepared the catalysts, with different TPA loading (5-20 wt\% calcined at 750 degrees C) and calcination temperatures (15 wt\% calcined from 650 to 850 degrees C), by suspending hydrous zirconia in a methanol solution of TPA, followed by drying and calcination. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, DTG-DTA, FTIR pyridine adsorption, NH3-TPD, and P-31, MAS NMR spectroscopy measurements. The catalyst with optimum TPA loading (15\%) and calcination temperature (750 degrees C) was prepared in different solvents and characterized by P-31 MAS NMR spectroscopy. The XRD results indicate that TPA stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. The catalysts show both Bronsted and Lewis acidity, and 15\% TPA on zirconia calcined at 750 degrees C shows the highest acidity. P-31 MAS NMR spectra show two types of phosphorous species: one is the Keggin unit and the other is the decomposition product of TPA. The relative amount of each depends on TPA loading, calcination temperature, and the solvent used for the catalyst preparation. Under reaction conditions of 84 degrees C and a benzene/1-olefin molar ratio of 10 (time 1 h), the most active catalyst, 15\% TPA, calcined at 750 degrees C, gave more than 98\% olefin conversion with selectivity for 2-phenyl octane (53.5\%) and 2-phenyl dodecane (47\%). (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {12-tungstophosphoric acid, linear alkyl benzene, solvent effect, Zirconia},
	issn = {0021-9517},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jcat.2004.09.024},
	author = {Devassy, Biju M. and Lefebvre, F. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.}
}
