@article { ISI:000264925400047,
	title = {Novel electroless process for copper coating of flyash using titania/ultraviolet-radiation/metal catalyst-system},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {255},
	number = {13-14},
	year = {2009},
	month = {APR},
	pages = {6696-6704},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>A novel electroless process has been demonstrated in this investigation to coat the surface of flyash particles with a conducting metal such as copper. The conventional electroless process has been modified for this purpose by replacing the tin-palladium catalyst-system with the titania/ultraviolet-radiation/metal catalyst-system, where the metal is either copper or silver as demonstrated here. The mechanism of copper coating of flyash particles in an electroless bath, using the novel methods of surface-sensitization and surface-activation, has been systematically studied by monitoring changes in the surface-morphology, surface-chemistry, and surface-structure of flyash particles using the scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and X-ray diffraction. It has been revealed that the novel electroless method involves coating the flyash particles with titania photocatalyst via sol-gel, which acts as a surface-sensitizer under the ultraviolet-radiation exposure for the subsequent surface-activation with the copper- or silver-clusters. The latter in turn acts as surface-catalyst for the subsequent Cu-coating in an electroless bath. The proposed mechanism of surface-sensitization and surface-activation of flyash particles using the novel catalyst-system has been compared with that using the conventional catalyst-system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Copper, Electroless, Flyash, Photocatalysis, sol-gel, titania},
	issn = {0169-4332},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.02.066},
	author = {Shijitha, T. and Baiju, K. V. and Shukla, S. and Patil, K. and Warrier, K. G. K.}
}
