@article { ISI:000257200200028,
	title = {Imaging the stomatal physiology of somatic embryo-derived peanut leaves by scanning electrochemical microscopy},
	journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
	volume = {391},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {2227-2233},
	publisher = {SPRINGER HEIDELBERG},
	type = {Article},
	address = {TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY},
	abstract = {<p>The stomatal physiology, chlorophyll distribution and photosynthetic activity of somatic embryo (SE)- and seedling-derived peanut plants grown in vitro (test tube-grown) and extra vitrum (soil-grown) are investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). This SECM imaging is performed in two different feedback modes, corresponding to oxygen evolution and chlorophyll distribution. More specifically, the oxygen evolution profiles of the in vitro leaves indicate important differences in leaf anatomy between the SE- and seedling-derived leaves. On the other hand, the chlorophyll distribution images show individual stomata of size ca. 27 +/- 5 mu m. Further studies on senescing (aged) leaves reveal interesting voltammograms that vary widely over the stomatal complexes and the surrounding tissues, probably due to the release of electroactive metabolites during chlorophyll breakdown when the leaves turn yellow. Thus, the present investigation could open up new opportunities for characterizing botanical systems using electroanalytical techniques. In addition, it could provide further insights into various areas of current relevance, including signal transduction, cell fate/differentiation and developmental biology.</p>},
	keywords = {leaf senescence, oxygen evolution, photosynthesis, SECM, somatic embryogenesis, stomata},
	issn = {1618-2642},
	doi = {10.1007/s00216-008-2132-7},
	author = {Parthasarathy, Meera and Singh, Shweta and Hazra, Sulekha and Pillai, Vijayamohanan K.}
}
@article { ISI:000270842400009,
	title = {Somatic embryogenesis from the axillary meristems of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)},
	journal = {Plant Biotechnology Reports},
	volume = {3},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {333-340},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Developmental anomalies in the plumule meristem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) somatic embryos resulted in poor shoot differentiation and reduced plant recovery. Existing meristems with caulogenic potential have never been tested for embryogenesis in peanut. The present experiment was designed to test the mature zygotic embryo axis derived plumule with three meristems for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic masses and embryos developed from the caulogenic meristems in the axils. Exposure of 2 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 A mu M 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation temporarily which then regained the ability to form the shoot on withdrawal of 2,4-D. Exposure of 4 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 A mu M 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation irreversibly. No shoot formation was noted from the tips in any of the cultures which were in secondary medium with 13.6 A mu M 2,4-D. Development of somatic embryos directly from axillary meristems was confirmed histologically. Conversion frequency of these embryos was 11\%. Thus, in this report, we describe a method to obtain somatic embryos from the determined organogenic buds of the axillary meristem, by culturing the nodal explant vertically on embryo induction medium. It also displays the possibility of obtaining both embryogenic and organogenic potential in two parts of the same explant simultaneously. The possibility of extending this approach for genetic transformation in in vivo system through direct DNA delivery or Agrobacterium injection in meristems can also be explored. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, we have demonstrated the possibility of gene transfer in the axillary meristems of seed-derived plumule explant.</p>},
	keywords = {Apical meristem, Axillary meristem, Mature zygotic embryo axis, Peanut, somatic embryogenesis},
	issn = {1863-5466},
	doi = {10.1007/s11816-009-0107-6},
	author = {Singh, Shweta and Hazra, Sulekha}
}
