@article { ISI:000266529600001,
	title = {Nanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-trends and future perspectives},
	journal = {Progress in Polymer Science},
	volume = {34},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {479-515},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is extending the applications of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and technology into previously unapproached infinitesimal length scales. The polymer-nanoparticles/nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades and have been mainly focusing on the structure-property relationships and their development. Since the polymer-nanocomposites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. Thus, this article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. Among various nanoparticulates, clay minerals and carbon nanotubes are more often used in enhancing physical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In very few systems, the nano particulates have been incorporated into polymer as {\textquoteleft}nano-additives{\textquoteright} for both purposes: degradation and stabilization of polymers. The degradation and durability of polymers is reviewed in the presence of nanoparticles/nanocomposites under different environmental conditions. Nanoparticle-induced biodegradation of polymers is also discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, clay, Degradation and stabilization, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Polymer},
	issn = {0079-6700},
	doi = {10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.01.002},
	author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Depan, Dilip and Tomer, Namrata Singh and Singh, Raj Pal}
}
@article { ISI:000288092200005,
	title = {Preparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)},
	journal = {Macromolecular Research},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {1160-1167},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>We report the synthesis of biomimetic nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. Physico-chemical characterization was performed before and after calcination by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of nanocomposites was observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectral and crystallographic data indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of CMC. They were observed as aggregates of HA nanoparticles and CMC, whose sizes were approximately similar to 260 +/- 40 nm. The crystallite size of the hydroxyapatite particles decreased (with 2 wt\% 18 +/- 3 nm) with increasing CMC content. The morphological aspects of the calcined samples revealed the sintering ability of HA nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that mimic the process of nucleation and growth in nature can be prepared using biomacromolecules such as CMC.</p>},
	keywords = {biopolymer, cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Nanoparticles, Particle size, X-ray diffraction},
	issn = {1598-5032},
	doi = {10.1007/s13233-010-1208-3},
	author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Mohaideen, Kamal Khaja and Alariqi, Sameh A. S. and Singh, Raj Pal}
}
