@article { ISI:000255728500004, title = {Efficient route towards the covalent functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes}, journal = {Applied Surface Science}, volume = {254}, number = {16}, year = {2008}, month = {JUN}, pages = {4936-4943}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

A simple and efficient method of chemical functionalization of both single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been discussed to give enhanced water solubility by rapidly and efficiently generating an appreciable amount of hydrophilic functional groups using microwave radiation. Surface functionalization containing more than 30 wt\% of oxygen has been achieved, resulting into solubility of 2-5 mg/mL. Further covalent functionalization of such soluble SWNTs provides a remarkable degree of aniline functionalization through amidation, where the formation of polyaniline has been avoided. Functionalization of SWNTs is confirmed by techniques like electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical analysis suggests an enhanced double layer capacitance (similar to 110 F/g) of nanotubes after microwave treatment. Aniline functionalization of SWNTs shows possible variations on the nanotube topography with concomitant formation of a dynamic polymer layer on the nanotube surface. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Functionalization, Microwave, solubility}, issn = {0169-4332}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.01.148}, author = {Kakade, Bhalchandra A. and Pillai, Vijayamohanan K.} } @article { ISI:000262377000014, title = {Near-complete phase transfer of single-wall carbon nanotubes by covalent functionalization}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Sciences}, volume = {120}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, note = {International Conference on Molecules and Materials - New Directions, Bangalore, INDIA, DEC 04, 2008}, month = {NOV}, pages = {599-606}, publisher = {INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES}, address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA}, abstract = {

We describe here an efficient phase transfer of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from aqueous to non-aqueous media using a unique amide functionalization route, where water soluble SWNTs (2.6 mg/mL) are effectively transferred to solvents like chloroform, toluene and CS(2). A maximum of 30 wt\% of oxygenated groups have been generated on the side walls by rapid microwave treatment, leading to a solubility of more than 2.6 mg/mL in water. Approximate surface amine coverage of 50\% has been accomplished after oxalyl chloride treatment as inferred from thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by controlling several key parameters associated with the extent of functionalization including purity of the sample, temperature and time.

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, microscopy, Microwave, Nanostructures, solubility of SWNTs}, issn = {0253-4134}, doi = {10.1007/s12039-008-0091-3}, author = {Kakade, Bhalchandra A. and Patil, Sanjay and Sathe, Bhaskar and Gokhale, Suresh and Pillai, Vijayamohanan} } @article { ISI:000281153600066, title = {High current density, low threshold field emission from functionalized carbon nanotube bucky paper}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {97}, number = {7}, year = {2010}, month = {AUG}, pages = {073102}, publisher = {AMER INST PHYSICS}, address = {CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}, abstract = {

Field emission studies of bucky paper of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), prepared after microwave (MW) assisted acid functionalization are reported along with a comparison with that of {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}as-grown{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} sample. MW treated bucky papers reveal an interesting linear field emission behavior in Fowler-Nordheim plot. The field emission currents at preset value are found to be remarkably stable over a period of more than 3 h sustaining current densities of 4.9 mA/cm(2) and 8.5 mA/cm(2) for {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}as-grown{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and functionalized sample, respectively. The enhancement in the field emission due to functionalization has been discussed in terms of tip opening and defect induced charge transport caused by intershell and intertubular interaction. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3479049]

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, current density, field emission, fullerenes}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.3479049}, author = {Kakade, Bhalchandra A. and Pillai, Vijayamohanan K. and Late, Dattatray J. and Chavan, Padmakar G. and Sheini, Farid J. and More, Mahendra A. and Joag, Dilip S.} } @article { ISI:000287176600009, title = {Carbon nanotube-modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for molecular weight determination of proteins}, journal = {Analytical Biochemistry}, volume = {409}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, month = {FEB}, pages = {230-235}, publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE}, address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA}, abstract = {

The effect of incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the gel matrix on the electrophoretic mobility of proteins based on their molecular weight differences was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). More specifically, a reduction in standard deviation in the molecular weight calibration plots by 55\% in the case of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and by 34\% in the case of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) compared with that of pristine polyacrylamide gels was achieved after incorporating an insignificant amount of functionalized CNTs into the gel matrix. A mechanism based on a more uniform pore size distribution in CNT modified polyacrylamide gel matrix is proposed. Furthermore, the impact of SWCNTs and MWCNTs on the mobility of proteins in different molecular weight regimes at a given acrylamide concentration offers a tunable gel matrix in terms of the selection of molecular weight ranges of proteins. The robustness and excellent reproducibility of the CNT-PAGE protocol are expected to have a significant impact on the molecular weight determination of newly isolated proteins. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Gel electrophoresis, Molecular weight determination, Polyacrylamide, Protein separation}, issn = {0003-2697}, doi = {10.1016/j.ab.2010.10.021}, author = {Parthasarathy, Meera and Debgupta, Joyashish and Kakade, Bhalchandra A. and Ansary, Abu Ayoobul and Khan, Mohammad Islam and Pillai, Vijayamohanan K.} }