@article { ISI:000230877900020, title = {Synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by citrate gel method}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {31}, number = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {JAN}, pages = {889-891}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

A mixture of bismuth nitrate and citric acid solution is taken in 1: 1 molar ratio and heated on hot water bath. A gel is formed on evaporation of the water, which on decomposition at 400 degrees C produces nanocrystalline Bi2O3 particles. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these powders. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Electron microscopy, powders : chemical preparation, X-ray methods}, issn = {0272-8842}, doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.09.002}, author = {Anilkumar, Mettu and Pasricha, R. and Ravi, V.} } @article { ISI:000225588700025, title = {Synthesis of bismuth titanate by the urea method}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, year = {2005}, month = {FEB}, pages = {514-516}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

A simple urea precipitation route was adopted for the preparation of bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) powders. Stoichiometric quantities of BiCl3 and TiOCl2 were mixed with the required amount of urea (the ratio of total metal cations to urea is five), and the mixture was heated on a water bath. This leads to the formation of precipitate, which was decomposed at 973 K. The formation of bismuth titanate was observed on calcining powders at 973 K by X-ray diffraction studies. The average particle size is found to be 100 nm by microscopy. The room temperature dielectric constant is found to be 150 at 1 kHz. The hysteresis loop parameters were also obtained by home-built Sawer-Tower circuit. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Ceramics, Chemical synthesis, dielectric properties, ferroelectricity, X-ray diffraction}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2004.10.038}, author = {Anilkumar, Mettu and Dhage, S. R. and Ravi, V.} } @article { ISI:000228510500005, title = {Synthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 degrees C}, journal = {Materials Research Bulletin}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {2005}, month = {APR}, pages = {605-609}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of nanocrystalline tetragonal Mn3O4 powders at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared manganese hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-6 h. Formation of nano crystallites of Mn3O4 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Ceramics, Chemical synthesis, Electron microscopy, Oxides, X-ray diffraction}, issn = {0025-5408}, doi = {10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.01.009}, author = {Anilkumar, Mettu and Ravi, V.} }