@article { ISI:000287281900003,
	title = {Esterification of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay},
	journal = {Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {18-24},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Levulinic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass-derived platform chemical. n-Butyl levulinate is used as an important intermediate having diverse applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol using heteropolyacid (HPA) supported on acid-treated clay montmorillonite (K10). 20\% (w/w) dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K10 was found to be the most efficient catalyst with 97\% levulinic acid conversion and 100\% selectivity towards n-butyl levulinate. Effects of various process parameters were studied to examine the efficacy of 20\% (w/w) DTPA/K10 for optimization of the activity.</p>},
	keywords = {dodectungestophosphoric acid, K10, levulinic acid, n-butanol, n-Butyl levulinate},
	issn = {1003-9953},
	doi = {10.1016/S1003-9953(10)60147-8},
	author = {Dharne, S. and Bokade, Vijay V.}
}
