@article { ISI:000293288500001,
	title = {Biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fat over solid acid double-metal cyanide catalysts},
	journal = {Catalysis Surveys from Asia},
	volume = {15},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {145-160},
	publisher = {SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Biodiesel comprises of fatty acid alkyl esters prepared from vegetable oils or animal fat by esterification/transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol or ethanol, for example). It is a biodegradable renewable fuel. Its production is growing exponentially due to greater concerns about environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Further, its production from non-edible oils and animal fat is more desirable than from edible oils due to lower cost of non-edible feedstocks and elimination of food verses fuel issues. Solid acid catalysts are ideal for conversion of such low-grade oils to biodiesel. Biodiesel from non-edible oils can be produced by two methods: (1) simultaneous esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of fatty acid glycerides and (2) hydrolysis of glycerides followed by esterification. This account reports the catalytic performance of solid, Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes and other acid catalysts in these transformations for biodiesel production. The factors influencing the catalytic performance of the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production are discussed.</p>},
	keywords = {Biodiesel, Double-metal cyanide, Esterification, Hydrolysis, solid acid catalysts, transesterification},
	issn = {1571-1013},
	doi = {10.1007/s10563-010-9108-2},
	author = {Srinivas, Darbha and Satyarthi, Jitendra K.}
}
@article { ISI:000294237100001,
	title = {Lanthanum and zinc incorporated hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for biodiesel and biolubricants production},
	journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section A-Inorganic Bio-Inorganic Physical Theoretical \& Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {50},
	number = {8},
	year = {2011},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {1017-1025},
	publisher = {NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR},
	address = {DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA},
	abstract = {<p>Mg-Al hydrotalcites doped with varying amounts of lanthanum and zinc ions (10 30 mol \%) have been prepared by co-precipitation method and used, after calcination at 873 K, as solid base catalysts for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol (producing biodiesel) and n-octanol (producing biolubricants). The catalyst with 20 mol \% of lanthanum shows the highest transesterification activity (soybean oil conversion = 100 \% and biodiesel yield = 95 \%) at 423 K in 4 h. Catalytic activity varies in proportion with the basicity of the catalysts.</p>},
	keywords = {Biodiesel, Biolubricants, catalysis, Doped hydrotalcites, Hydrotalcites, Lanthanum, Solid base catalysts, transesterification, Vegetable oils, zinc},
	issn = {0376-4710},
	author = {Rahul, R. and Satyarthi, Jitendra K. and Srinivas, D.}
}
