@article { ISI:000326207600024,
	title = {Mechanism of action of novel synthetic dodecapeptides against Candida albicans},
	journal = {Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects},
	volume = {1830},
	number = {11},
	year = {2013},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {5193-5203},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Background: Three de novo designed low molecular weight cationic peptides (IJ2, IJ3 and IJ4) containing an unnatural amino acid alpha,beta-didehydrophenylalanine (APhe) exhibited potent antifungal activity against fluconazole (FLC) sensitive and resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans as well as non-albi cans and other yeast and filamentous pathogenic fungi. In the present study, their synthesis, susceptibility of different fungi and the mechanism of anti-candidal action have been elucidated. Methods: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were synthesized by solid-phase method and checked for antifungal activity against different yeasts and fungi by broth microdilution method. Anti-candidal mode of action of the peptides was investigated through detecting membrane permeabilization by confocal microscopy, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation by fluorometry, apoptosis and necrosis by flow cytometry and cell wall damage using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Results and conclusions: The MIC of the peptides against C. albicans and other yeast and filamentous fungal pathogens ranged between 3.91 and 250 mu M. All three peptides exhibited effect on multiple targets in C. albi cans including disruption of cell wall structures, compromised cell membrane permeability leading to their enhanced entry into the cells, accumulation of ROS and induction of apoptosis. The peptides also showed synergistic effect when used in combination with fluconazole (FLC) and caspofungin (CAS) against C. albi cans. General significance: The study suggests that the AMPs alone or in combination with conventional antifungals hold promise for the control of fungal pathogens, and need to be further explored for treatment of fungal infections. (C) 2013 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Antifungal peptide, Antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Apoptosis, Candida albicans, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)},
	issn = {0304-4165},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.016},
	author = {Maurya, Indresh Kumar and Thota, Chaitanya Kumar and Sharma, Jyotsna and Tupe, Santosh Genba and Chaudhary, Preeti and Singh, Manoj Kumar and Thakur, Indu Shekhar and Deshpande, Mukund V. and Prasad, Rajendra and Chauhan, Virander Singh}
}
@article { ISI:000346339500005,
	title = {Possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide from pseudomonas sp against dimorphic fungi Benjaminiella poitrasii and human pathogen Candida albicans},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology},
	volume = {118},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {39-48},
	publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
	address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA},
	abstract = {<p>AimInvestigation of antifungal mechanism of phenazine 1-carboxamide (PC) produced by a Pseudomonas strain MCC2142. Methods and ResultsAn antifungal metabolite produced by a Pseudomonas was purified and identified as PC. Human pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Candidaglabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger were found to be inhibited by PC (MIC90 32-64gml(-1)). Addition of PC (20gml(-1)) during yeast (Y)-hypha (H) transitions inhibited germ tube formation by \&gt;90\% and \&gt;99\% in C.albicans National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) 3471 and nonpathogenic model Benjaminiella poitrasii, respectively. After exposure to PC (20gml(-1)), 75-80\% yeast cells of B.poitrasii and C.albicans NCIM 3471 showed rhodamine 123 fluorescence indicating high intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS further led to hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane, subsequently induction of apoptosis as evident by externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and finally death in B.poitrasii. In C.albicans NCIM 3471, PC (20gml(-1)) induced apoptosis. ConclusionsThe antifungal effect of PC in B.poitrasii and C.albicans may be due to ROS-mediated apoptotic death. Significance and Impact of the StudyInhibition of Y-H transition of B.poitrasii and C.albicans by PC indicates that it may prove useful in the control of dimorphic human pathogens.</p>},
	keywords = {Apoptosis, Candida albicans, dimorphism, phenazines, Pseudomonas sp, reactive oxygen species},
	issn = {1364-5072},
	doi = {10.1111/jam.12675},
	author = {Tupe, S. G. and Kulkarni, R. R. and Shirazi, F. and Sant, D. G. and Joshi, Swati P. and Deshpande, Mukund V.}
}
