@article { ISI:000340300300018,
	title = {Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of carvacrol and thymol against vineyard and wine spoilage yeasts},
	journal = {Food Control},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2014},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {115-120},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol against natural yeast flora of the grapes and yeasts known to cause wine spoilage was examined. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited comparable or better antifungal activity than potassium metabisulphite, commercially used wine preservative, against the natural yeast flora and spoilage yeasts. The antifungal activity for both the compounds was better at pH 3.5 than pH 6.5. Addition of carvacrol and thymol (64 mu g/mL) in red wine resulted in inhibition of growth of the spoilage yeasts. Carvacrol and thymol exerted their antimicrobial action through membrane damage, leakage of cytoplasmic content and ergosterol depletion. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol holds promise as a potential natural preservative for the control of wine spoilage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {antifungal, Carvacrol, Thymol, Wine spoilage},
	issn = {0956-7135},
	doi = {10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.007},
	author = {Chavan, Pradnya S. and Tupe, Santosh G.}
}
@article { ISI:000333939500005,
	title = {Antifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone E from Mallotus philippinensis},
	journal = {Natural Product Research},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {245-250},
	publisher = {TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>From the red coloured extract (Kamala) prepared through acetone extraction of the fresh whole uncrushed fruits of Mallotus philippinensis, one new dimeric chalcone (1) along with three known compounds 1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen -1-one (2), rottlerin (3) and 4 {\textquoteleft}-hydroxyrottlerin (4) were isolated. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses that included HSQC, HMBC, COSY and ROESY experiments along with the literature comparison. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for antifungal activity against different human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds was evaluated against Thp-1 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 both exhibited IC50 of 8, 4 and 16 mu g/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans PRL518, C. neoformans ATCC32045 and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Compound 4, at 100 mu g/mL, showed 54\% growth inhibition of Thp-1 cell lines.</p>},
	keywords = {4 {\textquoteleft}-hydroxyrottlerin, antifungal, dimeric chalcone, kamalachalcone E, Mallotus philippinensis, rottlerin},
	issn = {1478-6419},
	doi = {10.1080/14786419.2013.843178},
	author = {Kulkarni, Roshan R. and Tupe, Santosh G. and Gample, Suvarna P. and Chandgude, Macchindra G. and Sarkar, Dhiman and Deshpande, Mukund V. and Joshi, Swati P.}
}
