@article { ISI:000266712800028,
	title = {Biodegradation and phenol tolerance by recycled cells of candida tropicalis NCIM 3556},
	journal = {International Biodeterioration \& Biodegradation},
	volume = {63},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {539-542},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Resting cells of Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 rapidly degraded almost completely 2 g L(-1) phenol in 16h. In this study, we explored the possibility of further increasing the efficiency of the culture by repeatedly reusing the cell for biodegradation. The effect of continuous recycling of whole cells of C. tropicalis, for biodegradation of phenol indicated that though with each recycle of the cell there was steady decline in phenol biodegradation the conversion was appreciable for five recycle (similar to 70\%) and reached half-life of 50\% after eleven recycles. Inhibition due to substrate, recycling of cells and adaptation of residual cell were estimated and an equation derived; which indicated that the cell resilience to phenol increased with each cycle and at the end of eleven recycle adaptation was 68\%. However, when the adapted cells were sub cultured and showed marginal increase \&lt;10\% in biodegradation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Biodegradation, Candida tropicalis, Inhibition, phenol, Recycle, Tolerance},
	issn = {0964-8305},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.01.001},
	author = {Varma, R. J. and Gaikwad, B. G.}
}
@article { ISI:000276497600005,
	title = {Continuous phenol biodegradation in a simple packed bed bioreactor of calcium alginate-immobilized Candida tropicalis (NCIM 3556)},
	journal = {World Journal of Microbiology \& Biotechnology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {805-809},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Phenol biodegradation in a continuous system of immobilized Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 was studied. The bioreactor was simple, it had a feed inlet from the bottom and the effluent outlet from top, no supplementary oxygen was supplied, the reactor was operated continuously for 116 days. Initially the column was run continuously with a feed concentration of 2 g l(-1) for 42 days whence a degradation of \&gt; 97\% was achieved. The feed concentration was then increased to 3 g l(-1), for which a similar to 80\% biodegradation was sustained for 90 days after which there was a steady decrease in the performance. When the phenol degradation was reduced to similar to 50\% in 116 days, the reactor was stopped. The efficiency of free cells recycled every 24 h and immobilized cells were compared; it was estimated that repeated reuse of free cells in batch mode gave an overall efficiency of 0.102 g phenol degradation g(-1) cell wet weight in 12 days. In contrast, the immobilized system of the same biomass had a longer working lifetime of similar to 4 months indicating an efficiency of 3.72 g phenol g(-1) cell wet wt.</p>},
	keywords = {Biodegradation, Ca alginate, Candida tropicalis, Immobilization, phenol},
	issn = {0959-3993},
	doi = {10.1007/s11274-009-0236-7},
	author = {Varma, R. J. and Gaikwad, B. G.}
}
