@article { ISI:000322949600001,
	title = {Chitinolytic enzymes: an appraisal as a product of commercial potential},
	journal = {Biotechnology Progress},
	volume = {29},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {833-846},
	publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
	address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA},
	abstract = {<p>Chitin, its deacetylated form, chitosan and chitinolytic enzymes viz. endo-chitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitosanase, chitin deacetylase (CDA) are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. Presently, chitin degrading enzymes constitute high-cost low-volume products in human health care and associated research. Indeed chitinases and CDA-chitosanase complex possesss tremendous potential in agriculture to control plant pathogenic fungi and insects. The success in exploring chitinases especially for agriculture, i.e. as a high-volume low-cost product, depends on the availability of highly active preparations with a reasonable cost. Therefore, a reconsideration in terms of understanding the roles of chitinolytic enzymes in applications, e.g. host-pathogen interaction for biocontrol, different mechanisms of chitin degradation, and identification of new enzymes with varying specificities, may make them more useful in a variety of commercial processes in the near future. The possible issues and challenges encountered in the translation of proof of concept into a commercial product will be appraised in this review. (c) 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:833-846, 2013</p>},
	keywords = {chitin deacetylase, chitinase, chitosanase, high-cost low-volume product, high-volume low-cost product},
	issn = {8756-7938},
	doi = {10.1002/btpr.1732},
	author = {Chavan, S. B. and Deshpande, Mukund V.}
}
@article {48063,
	title = {Pharmaceutical standardization and physicochemical characterization of traditional ayurvedic mineral drug red ochre roasted in cow{\textquoteright}s ghee (Shuddha Gairik)},
	journal = {Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2022},
	month = {APR},
	pages = {303-316},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Rasashastra is a pharmaceutics branch of Ayurveda describing scientific methods to convert metals and minerals into bio-compatible formulations used individually or plant admixed to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. In the present study, red ochre (Gairik) powder was processed in cow{\textquoteright}s ghee by textual method of roasting. The steps of preparation and changes in the properties therein were documented and validated in triplicate batches to develop a monograph. Ayurvedic and basic tests were performed to determine the properties of Shuddha Gairik. The physical characterization included Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Elemental composition was estimated by titration and gravimetric analysis while heavy metal limits were assessed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICPOES). This study depicted that crude red ochre, containing Kaolinite with high iron percentage, on roasting in cow{\textquoteright}s ghee led to the formation of fatty acids adsorbed red ochre particles. The developed monograph will be a guideline to the Ayurvedic industry for precise formulation of Shuddha Gairik. This will help researchers for better understanding the importance of Ayurvedic methods of pharmaceutical preparations and carry out their mechanistic studies in various diseases.</p>
},
	keywords = {Ferric oxide, Gairik, Kaolinite, Monograph, Red ochre, Roasting},
	issn = {0972-5938},
	author = {Chavan, S. B. and Gupta, V. S. and Deshmukh, V. V. and Sardeshmukh, S. P.}
}
