@article {48796,
	title = {Double encapsulation of liquid active compounds using nanoclay reinforced polyurea microcapsules},
	journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},
	volume = {679},
	year = {2023},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {132547},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	In recent years, there has been growing interest in the double encapsulation of drugs, agrochemicals, and fragrances, aiming to achieve the highest encapsulation efficiency and preserve the activity of the encapsulated core over an extended duration. However, when active ingredients in liquid form are double encapsulated, preventing the rupture of primary microcapsules during the second encapsulation process and the leakage of the encapsulated core are major challenges. This report describes a method that utilizes polyurea and starch for successful double encapsulation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a liquid insect-repellent, as a model active component. We demonstrate that the incorporation of 3 wt\% montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay strengthens the polyurea wall of the primary microcapsule and prevents its rupture during double encapsulation with starch. This process facilitates the uniform distribution of polyurea microcapsules within the starch matrix and significantly improves the mechanical integrity of the nanocomposite microcapsules embedded in starch. The double-encapsulated system developed in this study significantly reduces the release rate of encapsulated DMP.</p>
},
	keywords = {Controlled release, Double encapsulation, Microcapsules, Microencapsulation, Nanocomposites, Starch matrix},
	issn = {0927-7757},
	doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132547},
	author = {Aher, Yogeshwar P. and Torris, Arun and Adhikari, Benu and Shukla, Ravi and Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan}
}
@article {49809,
	title = {Sustained release polyurethane microcapsules by interfacial polycondensation using aromatic diols},
	journal = {Reactive \& Functional Polymers},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2025},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {106460},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Polyurea-urethane (PUU) microcapsules prepared via interfacial polymerization have gained significant interest due to their tunable size and membrane thickness, high loading efficiency, and scalability. Although several aromatic and aliphatic diols and polyols have been used to produce PU foams and films, the use of aromatic diols to synthesize PUU MICs via interfacial polymerization is an unexplored domain due to the restricted solubility of aromatic diols in water. This report highlights the successful preparation of PUU microcapsules using an aromatic diol (benzene-1,4-dimethanol, BDM) to encapsulate dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a model insect repellent. The developed PUU microcapsules exhibited a high \% encapsulation efficiency of 92 \% and a size range of 1-20 mu m. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms revealed a significantly high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 143 degrees C as compared to 108 degrees C in the case of PUU MICs with aliphatic diols. Release studies confirm enhanced barrier properties for aromatic diol-based MICs as compared to aliphatic ethylene glycol-based PUU MICs, and interpretation of the release profile using the Weibull Model reveals that Fickian diffusion is the dominant mechanism in the release of DMP. These microcapsules can be used in high-performance applications such as composites, coatings, electronics, and construction.</p>
},
	keywords = {interfacial polymerization, Microencapsulation, polyurethane, sustained release},
	issn = {1381-5148},
	doi = {10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106460},
	author = {Yadav, Prashant and Ravikumar, Aniruddha and Ambade, V. Ashootosh and Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan}
}
