@article { ISI:000271982400003,
	title = {Characterization of clay intercalated cobalt-salen catalysts for the oxidation of p-cresol},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {370},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {16-23},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The intercalation of cobalt-salen complexes into the interlamelar spaces of montmorillonite clay was investigated by various characterization studies. The {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}neat{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} cobalt-salen complex showed a weight loss at 368 degrees C while the weight loss for the corresponding intercalated complex was observed at much higher temperature of 492 degrees C due to decomposition of the complex. The thermal stabilization observed was due to the host-guest interaction of clay and metal complex and thus confirmed the intercalation. The XANES spectrum of Co(salen)-mont sample revealed the change of symmetry from the tetrahedral in plane to the octahedral structure having an axial bonding of oxygen to the cobalt, indicating that cobalt atoms in Co(salen)-mont were coordinated axially with the lattice oxygen of montmorillonite. Both XANES and EXAFS results indicated that cobalt atoms in Co(salen)-mont form two additional Co-O bonds with a bond length of 0.199 nm by the intercalation while retaining the Co-salen structure. Co-salen intercalated into the montmorillonite clay showed the highest activity for the air oxidation of p-cresol, giving 88\% selectivity to the oxidation products. Effects of NaOH concentration and various solvents on the conversion and selectivity patterns also have been studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Cobalt-oxygen bond, Cobalt-salen, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Intercalation, Lattice oxygen, Montmorillonite, X-ray absorption near edge structure},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2009.09.003},
	author = {Kshirsagar, V. S. and Garade, Ajit C. and Mane, R. B. and Patil, K. R. and Yamaguchi, A. and Shirai, M. and Rode, C. V.}
}
@article { ISI:000317945100020,
	title = {Metal cation-exchanged montmorillonite clay as catalysts for hydroxyalkylation reaction},
	journal = {Applied Clay Science},
	volume = {74},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	month = {APR},
	pages = {141-146},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Several solid acid catalysts were prepared by exchanging metal cations such as Zn2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ with montmorillonite clay. Among these, Al-montmorillonite showed the highest acidity determined by the pyridine-IR as well as NH3-TPD methods. A systematic comparison of the performance of these catalysts along with parent montmorillonite was carried out for the hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol with formaldehyde to give 2, 2{\textquoteright}-methylenebis (4-methyl phenol) (DAM). It was found that the activity of these catalysts was in accordance with the increase in acidity of parent montmorillonite after the exchange of cations in the order of Zn2+, Fe3+ and Al3+. The selectivity pattern was also influenced by the exchanged cations. Since Al-montmorillonite showed the highest conversion of 51\% with 98\% selectivity to DAM, the effects of various reaction parameters, namely, mole ratio, catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction time on conversion and selectivity pattern were also studied using the same catalyst This catalyst also showed an excellent stability as evidenced by its eight times reuse. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>},
	keywords = {Cations-exchanged clay, Montmorillonite, NH3-TPD, Pyridine-IR},
	issn = {0169-1317},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clay.2012.10.005},
	author = {Jha, Ajay and Garade, Ajit C. and Shirai, M. and Rode, C. V.}
}
