@article { ISI:000227170600016, title = {Gradual transitions in morphology of diamond films grown by using N-2 admixtures of CH4+H-2 gas in a hot filament assisted chemical vapour deposition system}, journal = {Diamond and Related Materials}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {FEB}, pages = {232-242}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {

A study of the evolution of morphology of diamond films grown as a function of N-2 gas additions to the CH4+H-2 precursor in an HF-CVD system is presented. With the increase of admixture of N2 fraction, in contrast to earlier studies, the morphology was observed first to gradually change from {111}-faceted crystallites texture to that of an intermediate cubo-octahedral crystallite texture and then gradually but finally to transform completely into that of {100}-faceted crystallites. The threshold nitrogen concentration, [N-2](thr), required to bring about the said transition in morphology was much larger than it was reported previously. Moreover, the morphology transition required a larger [N-2](thr) when a large fraction of methane was employed. Further additions of nitrogen, that just exceeded the [N-2](thr), resulted in growth of films containing slightly bigger {100}-multi-layered grains or isolated planar {100}-platelets. For extremely large nitrogen additions, the growth of nanocrystalline or amorphous carbon films was observed. The N-2 additions more than 50 vol.\% did not yield any deposition. Raman scattering and photoluminescence measurements were used respectively for characterizing the quality and nitrogen doping in the films. These results are attributed to the possible catalytic role of atomic nitrogen at the growing surface. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {diamond film, hot filament CVD, morphology transitions, nitrogen}, issn = {0925-9635}, doi = {10.1016/j.diamond.2004.11.042}, author = {Kshirsagar, S. T. and Kshirsagar, R. B. and Patil, P. S. and Kulkarni, A. and Mandate, A. B. and Gaikwad, A. B. and Gokhale, Suresh P.} } @article { ISI:000232838800009, title = {Knowledge incorporated support vector machines to detect faults in Tennessee Eastman Process}, journal = {Computers \& Chemical Engineering}, volume = {29}, number = {10}, year = {2005}, month = {SEP}, pages = {2128-2133}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

A support vector machine with knowledge incorporation is applied to detect the faults in Tennessee Eastman Process, a benchmark problem in chemical engineering. The knowledge incorporated algorithm takes advantage of the information on horizontal translation invariance in tangent direction of the instances in dataset. This essentially changes the representation of the input data while training the algorithm. These local translations do not alter the class membership of the instances in the dataset. The results on binary as well as multiple fault detection justify the use of knowledge incorporation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {fault detection, knowledge, support vector machines, Tennessee Eastman Process}, issn = {0098-1354}, doi = {10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.06.006}, author = {Kulkarni, A. and Jayaraman, Valadi K. and Kulkarni, B. D.} } @article { ISI:000238008900004, title = {Flufenoxuron, an acylurea insect growth regulator, alters development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera :tenebrionidae) by modulating levels of chitin, soluble protein content, and HSP70 and p34(cdc2) in the larval tissues}, journal = {Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {JUN}, pages = {84-90}, publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE}, type = {Article}, address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA}, abstract = {

The effect of sublethal concentrations, 0.00141\% (LC20), 0.00251\% (LC30), and 0.0036\% (LC40) of a dispersible formulation of an acylurea insect growth regulator, flufenoxuron (Cascade) on certain biochemical parameters in the larvae of Tribolium castaneum was investigated. When neonates were fed on diet treated with sublethal concentrations for 24 It, it was observed that at all concentrations tested, there was a significant reduction in chitin content on the 15th day of development. Total soluble protein content at LC20 and LC30 decreased with increasing age of the larvae. At LC20 and LC40 concentrations there was a progressive increase in the protein: chitin ratio as a function of increase in age of the larvae. SDS-PAGE analysis of the larval tissue extracts indicated gross quantitative changes in some of the protein bands (MW 50-97 kDa). Western blot analysis revealed significant increase in the level of HSP70 in the extracts of larvae fed on LC30 treated diet, on the 7th and 10th day of development in the decreasing order. Conversely, a significant decrease in the hyper-phosphorylated form of p34(cdc2) kinase due to flufenoxuron treatment indicating modulation of cell cycle regulation was observed. Thus, sublethal concentrations of flufenoxuron alter expression of developmentally regulated proteins, HSP70 and p34(cdc2) and chitin formation in a stage-specific manner thereby resulting developmental abnormalities in T castaneum. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {chitin, Development, flufenoxuron, HSP70, p34(cdc2), phosphotyrosine, sublethal effects, total soluble proteins, Tribolium castaneum}, issn = {0048-3575}, doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.10.006}, author = {Salokhe, S. and Sarkar, A. and Kulkarni, A. and Mukherjee, Samindra N. and Pal, J. K.} } @article { ISI:000345295000001, title = {Special issue section commemorating Prof. J. B. Joshi}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering}, volume = {92}, number = {12}, year = {2014}, month = {DEC}, pages = {2011-2012}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, issn = {0008-4034}, doi = {10.1002/cjce.22069}, author = {Nandakumar, K. and Kulkarni, A.} } @article {46875, title = {Assessing the impact of deviations in optimized multistep flow synthesis on the scale-up}, journal = {Reaction Chemistry \& Engineering}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, month = {MAY }, pages = {838-848}, type = {Review}, abstract = {

This manuscript highlights the unavoidable connection between manual and self-optimized flow synthesis protocols for multistep flow synthesis and its scale-up. While briefly summarizing the state of the art in the self-optimization approach, a brief summary of industrially scaled-up processes is also given. We have used as a case study the flow synthesis of ivacaftor that is optimized at the laboratory scale and is subjected to specific deviations deliberately. The resulting effects are captured in terms of their effect on the scale-up approach. The analysis shows that small deviations in performance viz. conversion or selectivity at every reaction step would lead to significant deviation in the process and the overall capital investment. Translating {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}laboratory synthesis{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} into {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}commercial scale manufacturing{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} needs careful differentiation between an optimized reaction step and realizing a commercially feasible process. We have also highlighted the role of 3D printing in fabricating prototype and scalable flow systems.

}, issn = {2058-9883}, doi = {10.1039/d0re00025f}, author = {Sharma, M. K. and Raval, J. and Ahn, Gwang-Noh and Kim, Dong-Pyo and Kulkarni, A.} }