@article {50163,
	title = {Enhancing Ru dispersion and catalytic stability via nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supports for biomass-derived FDCA production},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry Communications},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2026},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {116561},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	The rational design of efficient and selective nanostructured catalysts represents a key strategy for transforming biomass-derived feedstocks into value-added chemicals and fuels. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has emerged as one of the most promising platform chemicals due to its versatile reactivity and potential to be transformed into a wide range of value-added products. Herein, we report the preparation of Ru nanoparticles supported on both N-free and N-doped mesoporous carbon via wetness impregnation, and their application in the catalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) under mild reaction conditions. The 3wt\% Ru-NMC-2 catalyst afforded complete HMF conversion with 83\% yield of FDCA at 110 degrees C within 10 h under 10 bar O2. Our research reveals that the nitrogen content in the carbon matrix imparts basicity to the catalyst support, stabilizing smaller Ru metal nanoparticles and helping to maintain a higher metal dispersion (66\%), thereby enhancing FDCA yield and turnover frequency. Furthermore, XPS analysis demonstrated that N doping in the carbon matrix would aid in stabilizing the higher availability of metallic Ru compared with nitrogen-free counterparts. The recyclability of the catalyst was demonstrated over 5 cycles, and it exhibited satisfactory catalytic performance towards FDCA yield.</p>
},
	keywords = {5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), biomass valorization, Metal-support interactions, nitrogen-doped carbon, Ruthenium catalysts},
	issn = {1387-7003},
	doi = {10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116561},
	author = {Kandasamy, Prabu and Gogoi, Pranjal and Venugopalan, Aswathy Thareparambil and Pandey, Pragati and Raja, Abhishekram and Manikandan, Marimuthu and Raja, Thirumalaiswamy}
}
