@article {50048,
	title = {Liquid crystalline nanoconfined growth of PANI on rGO for enhanced electrochemical glucose sensing},
	journal = {Nanoscale},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2026},
	month = {MAR },
	pages = {5531-5543},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	We report here a new strategy for the successful synthesis of a hybrid 2D nanocomposite via the in situ functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with aniline monomers in a bi-solvent swollen liquid crystalline lamellar mesophase (SLCLM) nanoreactor. The synthesized nanocomposite product revealed possible simultaneous reactions at the edge and basal plane of GO. A mechanism for the transformation via simultaneous nucleophilic attack and spontaneous polymerization, forming a reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline (rGO-PANI) nanocomposite, is proposed. The multistep plausible reaction mechanism for the functionalization of the GO edge -COOH group is achieved by successful synthesis, followed by isolation and characterization of the N-phenyl anthranilic acid derivative as an intermediate product. Furthermore, the detection of CO2 evolution as a by-product during the reaction complements the plausible mechanism for the incorporation of (-C Xi C-) graphyne-type edges and formation of new -C-N- and O-H bonds in the rGO-PANI nanocomposite. These results are supported by FT-IR, Raman, XPS, SAXS, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy analyses. A reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline (rGO-PANI) modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for glucose sensing, exhibiting a wide linear range (0.554-10 \&amp; micro;M), low detection limit (50 pM), and high sensitivity (372 660 \&amp; micro;A mM(-1) cm(-2)). The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against common interferents (ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine), reproducibility (RSD \&lt; 5\%), and stability over 10 000 s with minimal signal loss. The detection of glucose from human metabolites, such as urine and sweat, achieved 98-100\% recoveries for spiked glucose, confirming its practical applicability. These results establish rGO-PANI as a robust platform for sensitive and selective glucose detection.</p>
},
	issn = {2040-3364},
	doi = {10.1039/d6nr00065g},
	author = {Tawade, Anita K. and Kumar, Praveen and Tayade, Shivaji N. and Sharma, Geetarani K. and Luwang, Meitram Niraj and Sharma, Kiran Kumar K.}
}
