@article { ISI:000233684200006, title = {Higher accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in flowers than leaves and fruits as a possible basis for differential feeding preference of Helicoverpa armigera on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Cv. Dhanashree)}, journal = {Phytochemistry}, volume = {66}, number = {22}, year = {2005}, month = {NOV}, pages = {2659-2667}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill; cultivar- Dhanashree) proteinase inhibitors (Pis) were tested for their trypsin inhibitory (TT) and Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases inhibitory (HGPI) activity in different organs of the tomato plants. Analysis of TI and HGPI distribution in various parts of the plant showed that flowers accumulated about 300 and 1000 times higher levels of TI while 700 and 400 times higher levels of HGPI as compared to those in leaves and fruits, respectively. Field observation that H. armigera larvae infest leaves and fruits but not the flowers could be at least partially attributed to the protective role-played by the higher levels of Pis in the flower tissue. Tomato Pis inhibited about 50-80\% HGP activity of H. armigera larvae feeding on various host plants including tomato, of larvae exposed to non-host plant Pis and of various larval instars. Tomato Pis were found to be highly stable to insect proteinases wherein incubation of inhibitor with HGP even for 3 h at optimum conditions did not affect inhibitory activity. Bioassay using H. armigera larvae fed on artificial diet containing tomato PIs revealed adverse effect on larval growth, pupae development, adult formation and fecundity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {accumulation of PI, Helicoverpa armigera, Lycopersicon esculentum, Midgut proteinases, Plant defense, Proteinase inhibitors}, issn = {0031-9422}, doi = {10.1016/j.phystochem.2005.09.006}, author = {Damle, M. S. and Giri, Ashok P. and Sainani, Mohini N. and Gupta, Vidya S.} } @article {47021, title = {High-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses vet the potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis in two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb.}, journal = {Planta}, volume = {251}, year = {2020}, month = {JAN}, pages = {28}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Ceropegia bulbosa is an important medicinal plant, used in the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, and syphilis. This is primarily attributed to the presence of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, especially cerpegin. As this plant belongs to an endemic threatened category, genomic resources are not available hampering exploration on the molecular basis of cerpegin accumulation till now. Therefore, we undertook high-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using different tissues from two varieties namely, C. bulbosa var. bulbosa and C. bulbosa var. lushii. Metabolomic analysis revealed spatial and differential accumulation of various metabolites. We chemically synthesized and characterized the cerpegin and its derivatives by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, these comparisons suggested the presence of cerpegin and 5-allyl cerpegin in all C. bulbosa tissues. Further, de novo transcriptome analysis indicated the presence of significant transcripts for secondary metabolic pathways through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. Tissue-specific profiling of transcripts and metabolites showed a significant correlation, suggesting the intricate mechanism of cerpegin biosynthesis. The expression of potential candidate genes from the proposed cerpegin biosynthetic pathway was further validated by qRT-PCR and NanoString nCounter. Overall, our findings propose a potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis. Identified transcripts and metabolites have built a foundation as new molecular resources that could facilitate future research on biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of cerpegin or other important metabolites in such non-model plants.

}, keywords = {5-Allyl cerpegin, Ceropegia, Cerpegin, LC-MS, metabolite, Transcriptome}, issn = {0032-0935}, doi = {10.1007/s00425-019-03319-8}, author = {Gharat, Sachin A. and Shinde, Balkrishna A. and Mule, Ravindra D. and Punekar, Sachin A. and Dholakia, Bhushan B. and Jayaramaiah, Ramesha H. and Ramaswamy, Gopalakrishna and Giri, Ashok P.} } @article {49555, title = {High levels of sinigrin trigger synthesis of fatty acids in Plutella xylostella (L.)}, journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics \& Proteomics}, volume = {54}, year = {2025}, month = {JUN}, pages = {101424}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Plutella xylostella L.) is a specialist insect of the Brassicaceae family, damaging economically important crops, such as cabbage and cauliflower. Glucosinolates, also known as {\textquoteleft}mustard oil bombs{\textquoteright} are present in all Brassicaceae members, of which sinigrin (allyl-glucosinolate or 2-propenylglucosinolate) is a major aliphatic compound. During herbivory, glucosinolates are converted to toxic isothiocyanates that deter insect pests. P. xylostella possesses glucosinolate sulfatases that desulfate them. Such a conversion renders them unfit for degradation to toxic products. Changes in the larval performance prompted us for RNA sequencing to understand probable adaptation mechanism under sinigrin stress. Differentially expressed genes were found to be related to larval cuticle proteins. Further, gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses depict genes belonging to the categories, integral component of membrane, cellular processes and those involved in biosynthesis of fatty acids. Upregulation of cuticular genes viz. larval cuticle protein-17 (LCP-17), cuticular protein-19 (2CP-19) and ATP binding cassette transporter C7 (ABCC7), ABCC16 was validated by qRT-PCR. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of whole larvae feeding on sinigrin and their separated cuticle, depicted abundance of fatty acids. Changes in the topography of the larval cuticle were evident by scanning electron microscopy. Expression of PxABCH1 was corroborated to its role in the transport of cuticular lipids. Notably, molecular docking of PxABCH1 with cuticular fatty acids showed favorable binding interactions. To summarize, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggest that in response to a diet containing a high dose of sinigrin, P. xylostella re-programs metabolic pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis that directly influence insect development.

}, keywords = {ABC transporter, Cuticle, Host metabolite, Metabolome, Plutella xylostella, Sinigrin, Transcriptome}, issn = {1744-117X}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101424}, author = {Barve, Pranoti R. and Barvkar, Vitthal T. and Giri, Ashok P. and Kotkar, Hemlata M.} }