@article {48975,
	title = {Etherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies},
	journal = {Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery },
	volume = {13},
	year = {2023},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {16285-16295},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Commercial biodiesel production is becoming popular due to its sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production involves the co-generation of crude glycerol that is not directly viable. Valorization of glycerol is essential from techno-economic perspective to achieve goals of circular economy. In this study, the glycerol etherification was carried out using tert-butyl alcohol in presence of dodecatungstophosphoric/silica (DTP/SiO2) catalyst for production of tert-butyl glycerol ethers that can be used as fuel additives. A series of DTP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with various compositions by impregnating heteropoly acids (HPA, H3PW12O40). The product analysis was performed to monitor mono-, di-, and tri-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. The kinetic studies were conducted based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constants were determined from experimental data by regression analysis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and thermogravimetric analysis. Varying DTP loadings resulted in different catalytic activities. Activation energy (38.23 kJ/mol), activation enthalpy (25.94 kJ/mol), activation entropy (-163.8 J/mol/K), and Gibbs free energy of activation (88.67 kJ/mol) were attained for DTP/SiO2 (20\%) catalyst that exhibited the best selectivity for di-tert-butyl glycerol ethers.</p>
},
	keywords = {Catalytic, etherification, fuel additives, Hinselwood, Impregnation, kinetics, Langmuir},
	issn = {2190-6815},
	doi = {10.1007/s13399-023-04880-9},
	author = {Magar, Subhash B. and Kapoor, Ashish and Jana, Sumit Kumar and Pal, Dan Bahadur and Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
