@article { ISI:000242960400016,
	title = {Rate enhancement in palladium catalyzed Heck reactions by Lewis acid promoters},
	journal = {Catalysis Communications},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {183-186},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	type = {Article},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Significant enhancement in the rate of Heck reactions has been achieved when catalytic amounts of Lewis acid (like FeCl(3)) promoters in the presence of trace amounts of water (\&gt; 2000 ppm) are used along with Pd complex catalysts. Experiments with different aryl halides, bases as well as olefins have been carried out to demonstrate the role of Lewis acid promoters. The increase in the reaction rates is due to the weakening of Ar-X bond by the Lewis acid in the manner similar to Friedel-Crafts reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Heck reaction, Lewis acid, Palladium, Promoters},
	issn = {1566-7367},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2006.05.043},
	author = {Sud, Abhishek and Deshpande, Raj Madhukar and Chaudhari, Raghunath V.}
}
@article { ISI:000267625000020,
	title = {Hydroesterification of 2-vinyl-6-methoxynaphthalene using palladium complexes containing chelating nitrogen ligands},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical},
	volume = {307},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {134-141},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Hydroesterification of 2-vinyl-6-methoxynaphthalene (VMN) to methyl ester of 6-methoxy naphthyl propionic acid (ester of naproxen) has been investigated using palladium complexes containing the chelating N(boolean AND)O and N(boolean AND)N ligands (pyridine-2-carboxylate, 2-acetylpyridine, 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde, and bipyridine) as catalysts. Palladium complex containing 2-acetylpyridine as the ligand was found to be superior to other Pd-complexes. Both acid and halide promoters were necessary for high activity and selectivity. As an acid promoter, benzenesulfonic acid was found to be more effective compared to p-toluenesulfonic acid. Formation of ether 2-methoxy-6-(1-methoxyethyl)naphthalene and a polymer of VMN was observed in all the reactions. It was observed that active catalytic species generated during carbonylation reaction was responsible for the polymer formation. The effect of various parameters such as solvents, CO pressure, and alcohols on the catalytic activity as well as the selectivity was investigated. The turnover frequency using the complex Pd(acpy)(PPh(3))(OTs)(2) (acpy = 2-acetylpyridine) catalyst was found to be 42 h(-1), which is the highest for the hydroesterification of VMN. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Carbonylation, Hydroesterification, Naproxen, Palladium complex, Polymer of VMN, Promoters},
	issn = {1381-1169},
	doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2009.03.021},
	author = {Atla, Shashi B. and Kelkar, Ashutosh A. and Chaudhari, Raghunath V.}
}
