@article {43437,
	title = {Effect of additives on formation and decomposition kinetics of methane clathrate hydrates: application in energy storage and transportation},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2016},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {2160-2167},
	abstract = {Methane gas storage and transportation via clathrate hydrates is proposed to be a potential solution for large-scale energy storage. In this work, we study the formation and decomposition kinetics of methane hydrates (MH) in a laboratory-scale unstirred crystallizer. The present investigation demonstrates comparative studies of hydrate formation and dissociation kinetics in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (55.6 and 27.8mmol/mol, 5.56 and 2.78mol\% THF) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (1mg/g, 0.1wt\% SDS). Moreover, the storage capacity and hydrate formation kinetics in both the systems are discussed. In a recent work, enhanced methane hydrate growth in the presence of THF at close to atmospheric conditions was demonstrated. The emphasis of the current work is to study the stability of hydrates to understand dissociation kinetics by measuring the rate of hydrate decomposition at different temperatures. Hydrate stability measurements were performed at -8, -3, 2, 10, and 20 degrees C to study the decomposition rates of MH and self-preservation in presence of the two additives THF and SDS.},
	doi = {10.1002/cjce.22583},
	author = {Kumar, Asheesh and Kushwaha, Omkar Singh and Rangsunvigit, Pramoch and Linga, Praveen and Kumar, Rajnish}
}
@article { ISI:000379102600099,
	title = {Enhanced clathrate hydrate formation kinetics at near ambient temperatures and moderate pressures: Application to natural gas storage},
	journal = {Fuel},
	volume = {182},
	year = {2016},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {907-919},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>SNG (solidified natural gas) technology via clathrate hydrates is a potential method for large scale stationary storage of natural gas. Clathrate hydrate formation kinetics in presence of methane and 5.6 mol\% tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated in an unstirred reactor configuration at moderate pressure and temperature conditions. It is well known that the presence of THF generally improves the thermodynamic stability of the resulting hydrate. In order to study the scale-up potential of this approach, kinetics of hydrate growth at temperatures close to ambient conditions and moderate pressures is required. Hydrate formation experiments were performed at three different temperatures - 283.2 K, 288.2 K and 293.2 K and at experimental pressures of 7.2 MPa, 5.0 and 3.0 MPa. Further, we report a synergistic effect of kinetic promotion of mixed methane hydrate formation by coupling THF and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 293.2 K. For the first time, we observe rapid mixed methane/THF hydrate formation kinetics at 293.2 K in presence of just 100 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant with methane gas uptake of 3.45 (+/- 0.17) kmol/m(3) of water in 1 h. This is also the first study to demonstrate such rapid hydrate formation kinetics with significant methane storage capacity at temperature of 293.2 K (closer to the ambient temperature). Further, substantial methane gas uptake of 3.52 (+/- 0.13) kmol/m(3) of water is possible even at reduced experimental pressure of 3.0 MPa and 283.2 K in 2 h. Minimal energy requirement in an unstirred reactor for mixed methane/THF hydrate formation storage can propel the SNG technology for large scale commercial deployment. Further improvement in the process can be achieved by optimizing the cooling requirement through innovative reactor design and operating the process in a semi-batch or continuous mode. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Methane hydrates, Natural gas storage, Rapid kinetics, surfactant, Tetrahydrofuran, Unstirred reactor},
	issn = {0016-2361},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.068},
	author = {Veluswamy, Hari Prakash and Kumar, Sharad and Kumar, Rajnish and Rangsunvigit, Pramoch and Linga, Praveen}
}
