@article { ISI:000320099400002,
	title = {Enzymatic degumming of silk with microbial proteases},
	journal = {Journal of Natural Fibers},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {98-111},
	publisher = {TAYLOR \& FRANCIS INC},
	address = {325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Degumming of Chinese bivoltine silk with alkaline proteases from various microbial sources was investigated and compared with commercial enzymes. Among the proteases tested, two fungal and two actinomycete proteases were promising, which showed weight loss similar to conventional method (19.58\% to 21.78\%). Conidiobolus brefeldianus and BOA-2 proteases were best enzymes, which showed weight loss similar to conventional method with low enzyme concentrations and in shorter time. No significant differences were found in tensile strength or elongation at break by enzymatic degumming indicating that there was no damage to the fiber. Scanning electron micrographs showed the sericin deposits were removed and the fibers were separated.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkaline Protease, bivoltine, degumming, microbial, Silk, weight loss},
	issn = {1544-0478},
	doi = {10.1080/15440478.2012.761114},
	author = {More, Shivaji V. and Khandelwal, Harish B. and Joseph, M. A. and Laxman, Ryali Seeta}
}
@article { ISI:000349853500010,
	title = {Eco-friendly enzymatic dehairing of skins and hides by C-brefeldianus protease},
	journal = {Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {393-405},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Alkaline protease from Conidiobolus brefeldianus was efficient in unhairing various types of skins and hides. The crude protease preparation was active toward keratin-azure, elastin-orcin, azocasein, and azocoll, but did not show true collagenase activity. In addition, the crude enzyme exhibited other enzyme activities such as chondroitinase, laminarase, and chitinase. Complete hair removal of skin/hide by the protease achieved in 16-18 h. The dehaired pelt showed smooth and white appearance due to hair removal along with epidermal layer. In addition, the grain was clean and without damage in enzymatically dehaired pelts. The microscopic observation of the cross-section of dehaired goat skin and cow hide showed absence of epidermis, hair shaft with empty follicles. Enzymatic dehairing resulted in complete and uniform fiber opening in the dermis and corium region. Physical properties viz. tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength of dyed crust of enzymatically and conventionally dehaired pelts were comparable. Results were also validated on large scale with goat skins and cow hides.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkaline Protease, Conidiobolus brefeldianus, Cow hides, Dehaired pelts, Enzymatic dehairing, Sheep skins},
	issn = {1618-954X},
	doi = {10.1007/s10098-014-0791-y},
	author = {Khandelwal, Harish B. and More, Snehal V. and Kalal, K. M. and Laxman, Ryali Seeta}
}
