@article {46928,
	title = {Synthesis and characterization of supported heteropoly acid: efficient solid acid catalyst for glycerol esterification to produce biofuel additives},
	journal = {Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2020},
	month = {NOV },
	pages = {1157-1165},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid has been studied with different solid acid catalysts, prepared by impregnating phospotungustic, silicotungstic, and phosphomolybdic acids on polymeric material polyvinylpyrrolidone. These results were compared with commercially available montmorillonite KSFO catalyst showed that PVP-DTP gave higher selectivity to di- and triacetins. This study was mainly focused on increasing the selectivity toward triacetin which is an excellent alternative to fossil fuel based fuel additives. The detail characterization was done for the PVP-DTP catalyst which gave complete conversion of glycerol and maximum selectivity of 34\% toward triacetin. Complete conversion of glycerol was achieved at 110 degrees C within 6 h of reaction time. The characterization of the catalyst was performed by SEM/EDX, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetic techniques, and FT-IR analysis.TPD-NH3 characterization showed that DTP supported on PVP increases the catalyst acidity of PVP. The highest acidity of PVP-DTP is also confirmed using NH3-TPD analysis.</p>
},
	keywords = {Glycerol, phospostugustic acid, povidone, solid acid catalyst, triacetin},
	issn = {2470-1556},
	doi = {10.1080/24701556.2020.1737817, Early Access Date = MAR 2020},
	author = {Magar, Subhash and Mohanraj, Govindraj T. and Jana, Sumit Kumar and Rode, V, Chandrashekhar}
}
@article {48975,
	title = {Etherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies},
	journal = {Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery },
	volume = {13},
	year = {2023},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {16285-16295},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Commercial biodiesel production is becoming popular due to its sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production involves the co-generation of crude glycerol that is not directly viable. Valorization of glycerol is essential from techno-economic perspective to achieve goals of circular economy. In this study, the glycerol etherification was carried out using tert-butyl alcohol in presence of dodecatungstophosphoric/silica (DTP/SiO2) catalyst for production of tert-butyl glycerol ethers that can be used as fuel additives. A series of DTP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with various compositions by impregnating heteropoly acids (HPA, H3PW12O40). The product analysis was performed to monitor mono-, di-, and tri-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. The kinetic studies were conducted based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constants were determined from experimental data by regression analysis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and thermogravimetric analysis. Varying DTP loadings resulted in different catalytic activities. Activation energy (38.23 kJ/mol), activation enthalpy (25.94 kJ/mol), activation entropy (-163.8 J/mol/K), and Gibbs free energy of activation (88.67 kJ/mol) were attained for DTP/SiO2 (20\%) catalyst that exhibited the best selectivity for di-tert-butyl glycerol ethers.</p>
},
	keywords = {Catalytic, etherification, fuel additives, Hinselwood, Impregnation, kinetics, Langmuir},
	issn = {2190-6815},
	doi = {10.1007/s13399-023-04880-9},
	author = {Magar, Subhash B. and Kapoor, Ashish and Jana, Sumit Kumar and Pal, Dan Bahadur and Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
