@article {46827,
	title = {Catalytic conversion of HMF into ethyl levulinate - a biofuel over hierarchical zeolites},
	journal = {Catalysis Communications},
	volume = {140},
	year = {2020},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {105998},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Catalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF, a biomass-derived platform chemical) into ethyl levulinate (EL) is an attractive approach for producing renewable transport fuels for mitigating global warming. We report here the application of hierarchical zeolites (DZSM-5 and MZSM-5 synthesized by desilication and mesoporous templating approaches, respectively) as solid acid catalysts for this transformation. Hierarchical structure of these zeolites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen-physisorption and electron microscopy, and acidity was determined by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. HMF conversion of 94.2\% with EL selectivity of 90.8\% was achieved over the MZSM-5 catalyst. Acidity, pore size and surface properties affected the catalytic activity.</p>
},
	keywords = {5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF), Biofuel, ethyl levulinate, Hierarchical zeolite, ZSM-5},
	issn = {1566-7367},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2020.105998},
	author = {Chithra, P. A. and Darbha, Srinivas}
}
