@article { ISI:000338806600067,
	title = {Enhanced kinetics for the clathrate process in a fixed bed reactor in the presence of liquid promoters for pre-combustion carbon dioxide capture},
	journal = {Energy},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2014},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {664-673},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>In this work, we present enhanced kinetics of hydrate formation for the clathrate process in the presence of two liquid promoters namely THF (tetrahydrofuran) and TBAB (tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide) in a FBR (fixed bed reactor) for pre-combustion capture of CO2. Silica sand was used as a medium to capture CO2 from CO2/H-2 gas mixture by hydrate crystallisation. Experiments were performed at different temperatures (274.2 K and 279.2 K) and 6.0 MPa to determine the total gas uptake, induction time and rate of hydrate formation. The observed trends indicated that higher driving force resulted in higher gas consumption and significantly reduced induction time. For the same driving force, higher gas consumption and shorter induction time was achieved by THF as compared to TBAB. 5.53 mol\% THF attained higher gas consumption than 1.0 mol\% THF whereas 3.0 mol\% TBAB attained lower gas consumption than 0.3 mol\% TBAB. A highest gas uptake of 51.95 (+/- 5.183) mmol of gas/mol of water and a highest rate of 51.21(+/- 8.91) mol.min(-1).m(-3) were obtained for 5.53 mol\% THF at 6.0 MPa and 279.2 K. Overall, this study indicated better hydrate formation kinetics with the use of THF in an FBR configuration for CO2 capture from a fuel gas mixture. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Carbon dioxide capture, Clathrate process, Fixed bed reactor, Gas hydrates, Pre-combustion capture, Promoters},
	issn = {0360-5442},
	doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.053},
	author = {Babu, Ponnivalavan and Ho, Chie Yin and Kumar, Rajnish and Linga, Praveen}
}
@conference { ISI:000375936100396,
	title = {Impact of pressure and temperature on tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide semi-clathrate process for carbon dioxide capture},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2014},
	series = {Energy Procedia},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2014},
	note = {6th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE), Taipei, TAIWAN, MAY 30-JUN 02, 2014},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {1780-1783},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science BV},
	organization = {Elsevier Science BV},
	address = {Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, Po Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands},
	abstract = {<p>The pre-combustion capture of CO2 in an IGCC power plant employing the hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process is a novel method currently receiving attention around the world. Tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) is a promoter that has been shown to improve the efficiency of hydrate formation. In this study, the effect of temperature and pressure on 0.3 mol\% TBAB solution is investigated. The induction time for the experiments conducted at 6.0 MPa and 274.8 K was found to be lower, while nucleation became increasingly random as temperature is increased and pressure is reduced. Total gas uptake and normalized rate of hydrate formation (NR5) is also the highest for the experiments conducted at 6.0 MPa and 274.8 K. However, it was found that the hydrate phase CO2 composition remains relatively constant at both reduced temperatures and pressures. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p>},
	keywords = {Carbon dioxide capture, Clathrate process, Gas hydrates, Gas separation, Promoters, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide},
	issn = {1876-6102},
	doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.211},
	author = {Babu, Ponnivalavan and Chin, Weng Inn and Kumar, Rajnish and Linga, Praveen},
	editor = {Yan, J. and Lee, D. J. and Chou, S. K. and Desideri, U. and Li, H.}
}
