@inbook {45865,
	title = {Memory booster plant Bacopa monniera (brahmi): biotechnology and molecular aspects of bacoside biosynthesis},
	booktitle = {Medicinal plants - recent advances in research and development},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {167-189},
	publisher = {Springer },
	organization = {Springer },
	address = {Singapore},
	abstract = {Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine as a brain tonic, memory enhancer, antianxiety, cardiotonic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticonvulsant agent since ancient times. These pharmacological properties are mainly attributed to the triterpenoid saponins present in the extracts of the plant. Biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins starts from the isoprenoid pathway through farnesyl pyrophosphate by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene, resulting in the formation of triterpenoid backbones. The plant produces relatively smaller amounts of bacosides, and to overcome this shortage, a large amount of biomass is used in the pharmaceutical preparations. Despite a wealth of medicinal importance, the molecular characterization and pathway engineering of bacoside biosynthesis in Bacopa remain unexplored. In this chapter, we have briefly discussed the research findings on in vitro plant regeneration, genetic transformation, and molecular characterization of some of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of bacosides.},
	isbn = {978-981101085-9},
	issn = {978-981101084-2},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-1085-9_6},
	author = {Vishwakarma, R. K. and Kumari, U. and Khan, B. M.}
}
@inbook {45866,
	title = {Metabolic engineering: achieving new insights to ameliorate metabolic profiles in Withania somnifera},
	booktitle = {Medicinal plants - recent advances in research and development},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {191-214},
	publisher = {Springer },
	organization = {Springer },
	address = {Singapore},
	abstract = {Withania somnifera, commonly known as Indian ginseng, has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic system of medicine for its antitumor, antioxidant, antiaging, antiserotogenic, and antistress activities. The various medicinal properties of the plant are accredited to the steroidal lactones (withanolides) present in the plant. Withanolides are synthesized by diverting the metabolite flux away from the isoprenoid pathway by the reductive condensation of farnesyl diphosphate to squalene through the activity of the enzyme squalene synthase. This enzyme squalene synthase is a major branch point involved in the regulation of withanolides. Owing to low concentrations of these bioactive compounds in plant, large biomass is utilized for the preparation of medicinal formulations in pharmaceutical industries to fulfill the growing commercial demand. To protect Withania spp. from becoming an endangered species, the activity of squalene synthase has been well exploited. This chapter is focused on the engineering of isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in W. somnifera by the introduction of squalene synthase gene to improve the yield of desired product. },
	issn = {978-981101085-9;978-981101084-2},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-1085-9_7},
	author = {Patel, N. and Patel, P. and Khan, B. M.}
}
