@article {46662,
	title = {Cooperative acid-base sites of solid Ba-Zr mixed oxide catalyst for efficient isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous medium},
	journal = {ChemistrySelect},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2020},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {12505-12513},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Efficient and highly selective isomerization of glucose to fructose was achieved by using the inexpensive Ba-Zr mixed metal oxide catalyst. Catalyst was prepared by varying Ba-Zr ratios using co-precipitation method. Various phases formed, planes exposed, morphology, elemental composition and particle size, basic site density and strength, oxidation state of elements were well studied by using various characterization techniques. The XRD analysis clearly indicates the presence of Ba+2 and Zr+4 in the form of BaO, ZrO2 and BaZrO3 phases. The SEM and HR-TEM images indicate that, Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst prepared showed uniform morphology with spherical and rod-shaped particles ranging from 300 to 600 nm. Under the optimized reaction conditions Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst exhibited excellent results in terms of 57 \% of glucose conversion with 89 \% selective formation of glucose. The presence of both acidic as well as basic sites play vital roles in activating the substrate molecules to selectively yield fructose. Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst showed excellent recyclability performance up to four recycles.</p>
},
	keywords = {Co-precipitation, fructose, glucose, isomerization, mixed metal oxide},
	issn = {2365-6549},
	doi = {10.1002/slct.202003071},
	author = {Shaikh, Samrin S. and Patil, Chetana R. and Kondawar, Sharda E. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
@article {49135,
	title = {Activity performance and kinetics for glycerol carbonylation with urea over Zn-Co mixed metal oxide catalyst},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering },
	volume = {101},
	year = {2023},
	month = {APR},
	pages = {2075-2093},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Efficient carbonylation of glycerol using urea with Zn-Co mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalyst has been achieved. Various methods of catalyst preparation were explored for glycerol carbonate (GC) synthesis. The optimized method of catalyst preparation was found to be co-precipitation (CP) with a Zn:Co ratio of 70:30, achieving 81\% glycerol conversion with 97\% GC selectivity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the formation of ZnO, Co-3 O-4, and spinel ZnCo2O4 phases. Thermal treatment given to the catalyst allows insertion of Zn cations into Co3O4 lattice forming ZnCo2O4 phase which was also evidenced in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Herein, for the first time, reaction kinetics was studied to propose the rate equation, based on which a plausible reaction pathway is proposed involving two-site adsorption of glycerol (basic site) and urea (acidic site), which undergo carbonylation followed by cyclization into GC. A recycle study and hot filtration test have proven the reusability of the catalyst.</p>
},
	keywords = {Carbonylation, cyclic carbonate, Glycerol, kinetics, mixed metal oxide},
	issn = {0008-4034},
	doi = {10.1002/cjce.24587},
	author = {Kondawar, Sharda E. and Kasar, Gaytri B. and Khatua, Angshuman S. and Rode, V, Chandrashekhar}
}
