@article { ISI:000293491600007,
	title = {Esterification of fatty acids with glycerol over Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide catalyst},
	journal = {Catalysis Communications},
	volume = {12},
	number = {14},
	year = {2011},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {1302-1306},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Solid Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complex exhibits high catalytic activity for esterification of fatty acids (FA) with glycerol. DMC catalysts with varying acidities were prepared by synthesizing the material at four different temperatures (10, 25, 50 and 80 degrees C). The catalyst prepared at 50 degrees C exhibited highest catalytic activity. Catalytic activity of DMC was influenced by both acidity and surface area. Complete conversion of FA was achieved at 140-200 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. Chain length of FA was found to influence the rate of reaction and product selectivity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Acid-catalyzed reaction, Double-metal cyanide (DMC), Esterification of fatty acid, Fatty acid glycerides, solid acid catalyst},
	issn = {1566-7367},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2011.05.008},
	author = {Kotwal, Mehejabeen and Deshpande, Suvarna S. and Srinivas, D.}
}
@article { ISI:000286856600053,
	title = {Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats to fatty acids over solid acid catalysts},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {391},
	number = {1-2, SI},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {427-435},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Solid Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes exhibit high catalytic activity for hydrolysis of edible and non-edible vegetable oils and animal fat. In a batch reaction, complete conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides to fatty acids with selectivity greater than 73 wt\% was obtained at temperatures as low as 463 K, autogenous pressure and with 5 wt\% of catalyst. Catalytic activity of DMC was superior to Amberlyst (TM) 70, SAPO-11, H-beta, HY, MoO(x)/Al(2)O(3) and sulfated zirconia. Rates of hydrolysis were greatly enhanced when solvents (tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide), phase transfer agents (tetrapropyl ammonium bromide) and products (a mixture of mono-/diglycerides and fatty acids) or fatty acid was added to the feed. Surface hydrophobicity which enables high wettability and activation of glycerides on active, acidic sites of reusable DMC is attributed to be the major cause for its superior catalytic activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Double-metal cyanide complex, Fat splitting, Fatty acids, Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats, solid acid catalyst},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2010.03.047},
	author = {Satyarthi, J. K. and Srinivas, D. and Ratnasamy, P.}
}
