@article { ISI:000286856600053,
	title = {Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats to fatty acids over solid acid catalysts},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {391},
	number = {1-2, SI},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {427-435},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Solid Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes exhibit high catalytic activity for hydrolysis of edible and non-edible vegetable oils and animal fat. In a batch reaction, complete conversion of vegetable oil triglycerides to fatty acids with selectivity greater than 73 wt\% was obtained at temperatures as low as 463 K, autogenous pressure and with 5 wt\% of catalyst. Catalytic activity of DMC was superior to Amberlyst (TM) 70, SAPO-11, H-beta, HY, MoO(x)/Al(2)O(3) and sulfated zirconia. Rates of hydrolysis were greatly enhanced when solvents (tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide), phase transfer agents (tetrapropyl ammonium bromide) and products (a mixture of mono-/diglycerides and fatty acids) or fatty acid was added to the feed. Surface hydrophobicity which enables high wettability and activation of glycerides on active, acidic sites of reusable DMC is attributed to be the major cause for its superior catalytic activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Double-metal cyanide complex, Fat splitting, Fatty acids, Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats, solid acid catalyst},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2010.03.047},
	author = {Satyarthi, J. K. and Srinivas, D. and Ratnasamy, P.}
}
@article { ISI:000293492300025,
	title = {Selective epoxidation of methyl soyate over alumina-supported group VI metal oxide catalysts},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {401},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {189-198},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Epoxidation of methyl soyate (biodiesel), soybean oil and oleic acid with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was investigated over gamma-alumina-supported group VI metal oxides (CrOx/Al2O3, MoOx/Al2O3 and WOx/Al2O3) prepared by impregnation method. The studies revealed that 15 wt\% MoOx on gamma-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst (conversion \&gt;90 mol\% under optimized conditions). While MoOx/Al2O3 is selective mainly for epoxidation, the other catalysts are active for epoxidation as well as for decomposition of TBHP. The active species on the catalyst surface were investigated using in situ UV-visible spectroscopy. A linear correlation was observed between epoxidation activity and surface acidity of the catalyst. A new H-1 NMR method was developed to monitor the progress of epoxidation reaction which was found to be superior to gas chromatographic method in estimating the conversion of double bonds of fatty compounds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Alumina-supported group VI metal oxides, Biodiesel, epoxidation, Fatty acids, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, MoOx/Al2O3, Vegetable oil},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.021},
	author = {Satyarthi, Jitendra K. and Srinivas, D.}
}
