@article {49187,
	title = {Continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of bio-based monomers},
	journal = {Journal of Flow Chemistry},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2024},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {417-426},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Synthesis of bio-based monomers via continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol using a simple tubular reactor is demonstrated. The direct ozonolysis of cardanol produces unique monomer 8-(3-hydroxyphenyl) octanal (HPOA) and heptanal along with several other oxidation products. Maximum 47\% yield of HPOA with 54.3\% conversion of cardanol was obtained at 0 degrees C in 9 s. The complete conversion of cardanol was obtained at the ozone to cardanol molar flow ratios greater than 2 at all temperatures varied in the range of -10 degrees C to 20 degrees C. Owing to large gas-liquid ratios, the mass transfer limitation for transfer of ozone from gas to liquid was negligible; however, the extent of axial dispersion in the liquid phase was significant at lower liquid flow rates. The non-ideal behavior was incorporated in the axial dispersion model to predict the conversion of cardanol. Examination of kinetic rates by both ideal plug-flow model and plug-flow with axial dispersion model revealed that the reaction is fast and is least influenced by the axial-dispersion in the reactor at prevailing operating conditions. The findings of the current study show that continuous flow technique enables a simple and safer synthesis of high-value bio-based monomers via ozonolysis of cardanol compared to traditional batch methods.</p>
},
	keywords = {Axial-dispersion model, Cardanol, continuous flow, Helical coil, Ozonolysis},
	issn = {2062-249X},
	doi = {10.1007/s41981-024-00308-1},
	author = {Kulkarni, Sphurti P. and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
