@article {48710,
	title = {Exploring SiliaCat Pd-DPP as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the multi-batch direct heteroarylation polymerization for P(NDI2OD-T2)},
	journal = {Polymer Chemistry},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2023},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {2803-2819},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers like P(NDI2OD-T2) are important constituents of the active layer of energy conversion devices like all-polymer solar cells. A cost-effective and environmentally amiable pathway for the synthesis of this and similar D-A polymers is highly desirable for the large-scale production of these materials. In this report we have combined two cost-effective approaches, namely, direct heteroarylation polymerization (DHAP) and a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst (SiliaCat Pd-DPP), for the multi-batch synthesis of P(NDI2OD-T2). The general applicability of the approach was first established with a series of conjugated small molecules based on naphthalene diimide and bithiophene derivatives (N1 to N6). The Meitlis hot filtration test and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were conducted to estimate the quantity of leached palladium in the final reaction product. Catalyst recyclability up to five cycles was demonstrated for N1 with \&lt;2 ppm leached palladium impurity. A comparison was made with the homogeneous catalyst Pd(2)dba(3) which indicated the presence of much higher levels of palladium impurity in the final product. The polymerization of P(NDI2OD-T2) was demonstrated using the regular monomers (NDIOD-Br-2 and bithiophene) and also using a modified monomer with activated bithiophene (naphthalene diimide substituted bithiophene) under DHAP conditions employing SiliaCat Pd-DPP as the recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. The modified monomer proved to be amenable to DHAP polymerization using SiliaCat Pd-DPP as the heterogeneous catalyst, which could be consecutively reused four times with reproducible molecular weights in the range of M-n/M-w: 27.1/49.0 to 33.5/61.3.</p>
},
	issn = {1759-9954},
	doi = {10.1039/d3py00183k},
	author = {Kakde, Navnath R. and Asha, S. K.}
}
