@article {48271,
	title = {Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone over nickel supported organoclay catalyst},
	journal = {Catalysis Today},
	volume = {408},
	year = {2023},
	month = {JAN },
	pages = {36-49},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	In this work, a series of Ni/Organoclay catalysts with different Nickel loadings were prepared by the wetimpregnation method for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL). Reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, solvent effect, and wt\% of catalyst were optimized to get excellent conversion of levulinic acid selectively to gamma-valerolactone. Ni/Organoclay with 30\% Nickel loading exhibited 100\% conversion of LA with 100\% selectivity towards GVL at 140 degrees C and 3.0 MPa H2 pressure using 1,4-dioxane as a solvent in 5 h. Different bulk and surface characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, XRF, NH3-TPD, and H2-Chemisorption were used to characterize the Ni/Organoclay catalyst. BET and NH3-TPD analysis showed that the pre-treatment of bentonite with surfactant (CTAB) improved the pore volume, surface area, and acidity of Organoclay which assisted in improving the conversion and selectivity of LA and GVL respectively.</p>
},
	keywords = {?-Valerolactone (GVL), Bentonite, Hydrogenation, Levulinic acid (LA), Nickel, organoclay},
	issn = {0920-5861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2022.10.004},
	author = {Kamble, Paresh A. and Vinod, C. P. and Rathod, Virendra K. and Kantam, Mannepalli Lakshmi}
}
