@article {44505,
	title = {Synthesis of diesel additives from fructose over PWA/SBA-15 catalyst},
	journal = {Fuel },
	volume = {217},
	year = {2018},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {38-44},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {A series of composites of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) H3PW12O40 with SBA-15 were prepared by varying PWA amount from 5\% to 30\% by one-step sol-gel hydrothermal as well as by impregnation methods. Successful incorporation of PWA into the SBA-15 framework by sol-gel method was confirmed by 31P NMR in which a shifting of the peak due to tetrahedral {\textquoteleft}P{\textquoteright} atom of PWA from -14.32 and -14.49 ppm was observed. The composites exhibited both Br{\o}nsted and Lewis acidity, large and well distributed three dimensional interconnected pores with high surface areas exhibiting excellent activity for one pot synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (5-HMF) and 5-(ethoxymethyl) furfural (EMF) from fructose. The minimum loading of 5\% of PWA in SBA-15, gave 78\% fructose conversion with the highest yield of 70\% towards 5-HMF. Increase in PWA loading up to 20\% resulted in the enhanced fructose conversion of 95\% accompanied by further etherification of 5-HMF to 67 and 12\% yield towards EMF and ethyl levulinate (EL), respectively. Increasing the \% of PWA in SBA-15 matrix resulted in increase in the acidity of the composites giving the yield trend as 5-HMF < EMF < EL. Catalyst prepared by sol-gel method showed excellent recyclability up to 3 reuses},
	keywords = {5-(Ethoxymethyl) furfural, 5-(Hydroxymethyl) furfural, Phosphotungstic acid, SBA-15},
	issn = {162361},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.027},
	author = {Patil, Chetana R.},
	editor = {Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
