@article { ISI:000227531600007,
	title = {New electro-active paper actuator using conducting polypyrrole: actuation behaviour in LiClO(4) acetonitrile solution},
	journal = {Synthetic Metals},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {53-58},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA},
	address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND},
	abstract = {<p>The construction of electromechanical actuator has been achieved by using the conducting polypyrrole films deposition onto a gold-coated cellophane paper. This is probably the first report of this type of paper actuator. The conducting polypyrrole was electro-generated using either galvanostatic or potentiostatic conditions at 0.5 mA/cm(2) current density or 0.7 V applied potential, respectively. The two types of actuators were constructed, namely: (1) Ppy/cellophane bi-layer; (2) Ppy/cellophane paper/Ppy tri-layer. These actuators showed a reversible and reproducible displacement in acetonitrile solution containing LiClO(4) (I M). The maximum displacement of 9.1 mm was recorded for tri-layer device and 3.5 mm for bi-layer device in 1 M LiClO(4) acetonitrile solutions. The results obtained in acetonitrile solution containing 1 M LiClO(4) shows that the actuator requires very low excitation voltage of 0.2 MV m(-1). The mechanism for this paper actuation phenomenon is addressed in this paper. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {CP-EAPap actuators, electro-active paper actuator (EAPap), large displacement actuators, lightweight actuators, Ppy/cellophane paper bi-layer, Ppy/cellophane paper/Ppy tri-layer},
	issn = {0379-6779},
	doi = {10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.11.001},
	author = {Deshpande, S. D. and Kim, Jaehwan and Yun, S. R.}
}
