@article { ISI:000230297800006,
	title = {tert-Butylation of p-cresol over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A - Chemical},
	volume = {235},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2005},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {44-51},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	type = {Article},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The tert-butylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol was carried out over WO3/ZrO2 catalysts under flow conditions, The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconium oxyhydroxide and ammonium metatungstate. Catalysts with different WO3 loading (5-30 wt.\%) were prepared and calcined at 800 degrees C and catalyst with 15\% WO,, was calcined from 600 to 900 C. The catalysts were characterized by surface area, XRD, FTIR and TEM. The catalyst 15\% WO3/ZrO2 calcined at 800 degrees C found to be the most active in the reaction. The effect of temperature, space velocity and molar ratio of the reactants on the conversion of p-cresol and products selectivities were studied. Under the optimized reaction conditions of 130 degrees C, tert-butanol/p-cresol molar ratio of 3 and flow rate of 10 ml h(-1). p-cresol conversion was 69.8\% with selectivity to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol 92.4\%, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 6.3\% and p-cresol tert-butyl ether 1.3\%. The catalytic activity is compared with sulfated zirconia, USY, H beta zeolites and montmorillonite K-10 under the optimized reaction conditions The activity of sulfated zirconia is lower than that of 15\% WO3/ZrO2 catalyst calcined at 800 C and other catalysts showed very low activity, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {p-Cresol, tert-butylation, tungsten oxide, Zirconia},
	issn = {1381-1169},
	doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2005.03.019},
	author = {Sarish, S. and Devassy, Biju M. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.}
}
