@article { ISI:000322293300006,
	title = {Use of amino acids for a highly efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine {\textquoteleft}Crimson Seedless{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Vitis},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {137-140},
	publisher = {JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG},
	address = {GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY},
	abstract = {<p>Somatic embryogenesis influenced by growth regulators and amino acids was studied in in vitro leaves of grapevine {\textquoteleft}Crimson Seedless{\textquoteright}. In vitro leaves of the cultivar were collected from multiple shoot cultures maintained on Murashige and Skoog{\textquoteright}s (MS) basal medium supplemented with 9 mu M N-6-benzyladenine (BA). Among the growth regulators used, BA at 4.5 mu M induced higher embryogenic response producing more number of somatic embryos per explant. This response was increased with the addition of 5 mu M naphthoxyl-acetic acid (NOA) to 1/2 MS containing 4.5 mu M BA. Further, supplementation of amino acids in the callus induction medium significantly improved the embryogenic response of in vitro leaves. The higher number of explants showing somatic embryo production (55.3 \%) and higher number of somatic embryos per explant (15.5 per explant) were recorded with the supplementation of 5 mM phenylalanine to callus induction medium. Primary somatic embryos showed repetitive embryogenesis on \% MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were transferred to soil-sand-peat mixture (1:1:1 v/v) and hardened plantlets were established in greenhouse with 90 \% survival. This somatic embryogenesis system has been successfully used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in {\textquoteleft}Crimson Seedless{\textquoteright} in our laboratory. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of amino acids for the high efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine.</p>},
	keywords = {Amino acids, somatic embryogenesis, Vitis vinifera L., {\textquoteleft}Crimson Seedless{\textquoteright}},
	issn = {0042-7500},
	author = {Nookaraju, A. and Agrawal, Dinesh C.}
}
