@article { ISI:000315707600041,
	title = {Design and performance aspects of a custom-built ambient pressure photoelectron spectrometer toward bridging the pressure gap: oxidation of Cu, Ag, and Au surfaces at 1 mbar O-2 pressure},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {117},
	number = {9},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {4717-4726},
	publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
	address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
	abstract = {<p>The critical features of a custom-built laboratory version ambient pressure photoelectron spectrometer (Lab-APPES) are presented. A double front cone differential pumping arrangement and an aperture free design employed in the electrostatic lens regime improve the data collection and data quality. In contrast to the conventional X-ray photoelectron spectrometers (XPS) operating at ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), it is possible to explore the electronic structure of solid surfaces under working conditions or closer to working conditions with Lab-APPES. Especially surface-dependent phenomena can be explored up to 1 mbar pressure and up to 873 K by conventional heating methods and at least up to 1273 K by a laser heating method. Simultaneous XPS and reaction kinetic measurements on solid surfaces make the Lab-APPES an important tool to measure the dynamic electronic structure changes on material surfaces under reaction conditions. The interaction of O-2 with polycrystalline foils of Cu, Ag, and Au from UHV to 1 mbar and up to 773 K has been studied.</p>},
	issn = {1932-7447},
	doi = {10.1021/jp312706s},
	author = {Roy, Kanak and Vinod, C. P. and Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.}
}
