@article { ISI:000331014900022,
	title = {3D flow reactors: flow, hydrodynamics, and performance},
	journal = {Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Research},
	volume = {53},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {1916-1923},
	publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
	type = {Article},
	address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
	abstract = {<p>A device comprised of a sequence of converging or diverging units aligned either in an axisymmetric or nonaxisymmetric manner can be used as a continuous flow reactor. Here we report the analysis of flow and hydrodynamics (pressure drop, residence time distribution, and mass transfer) for an axisymmetric geometry of a 3D flow reactor for single phase and two-phase flows. CFD simulations of the single phase flow have been used for identification of the precise geometrical configuration. The sequence of converging units as a flow reactor has been found to always be better than the sequence of diverging units. The residence time distribution analysis also favored the choice of converging flow as a better option. The performance of the device was verified by successfully carrying out a highly exothermic two-phase aromatic nitration of benzaldehyde (Delta H-r approximate to -172 kg/mol) with fuming nitric acid.</p>},
	issn = {0888-5885},
	doi = {10.1021/ie402311y},
	author = {Sharma, Mrityunjay and Reddy, Venkateswara S. and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
