@article { ISI:000340350900018,
	title = {Production of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified H-ZSM-5: Optimization by response surface methodology},
	journal = {Journal of Energy Chemistry},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {535-541},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The present study highlighted the use of modified H-ZSM-5 (Meso-HZ-5) as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of octyl levulinate biolubricant by catalytic esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with n-octanol. The process variables such as catalyst loading (X-1), n-octanol to LA molar ratio (X-2) and reaction temperature (X-3) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), using Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the adequacy and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of octyl levulinate was obtained to be 99\% at optimum process parameters. The developed quadratic model was found to be adequate and statistically accurate with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9971 to predict the yield of octyl levulinate biolubricant. The study was also extended on the validation of theoretical and experimental data, including catalyst reusability.</p>},
	keywords = {biolubricant, Esterification, H-ZSM-5, levulinic acid, octyl levulinate, Response surface methodology},
	issn = {2095-4956},
	doi = {10.1016/S2095-4956(14)60182-0},
	author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Yadava, Sunil K. and Bokade, Vijay V.}
}
