02148nas a2200169 4500008004100000245004500041210004400086260000800130300000900138520168700147653001201834653000801846653001101854100001901865700001901884856007501903 2017 eng d00aDrying of almonds II: multiple particles0 aDrying of almonds II multiple particles cAUG a1-183 a

Computational modelling is an efficient and effective tool for modelling the drying process for food products. Developing validated computational models for drying processes is essential to build energy-efficient drying units, producing uniform quality of dried products. This work presents drying behaviour of almonds with a specific focus on understanding interaction among multiple almonds. Eight (2 × 2 × 2) particles and twenty seven (3 × 3 × 3) particles arranged in the shape of a cuboid were used to conduct drying experiments in a Mettler Toledo Moisture Analyzer unit. Experiments were conducted to measure the moisture loss data with respect to drying time using almond kernels. Experimental data were used to understand drying kinetics as well as variation in moisture content with respect to their positions in a cuboid. Computational fluid dynamics based simulations were carried out for the flow, heat transfer and drying of particles in the unit. Actual geometry of individual particles was considered in simulations to predict the variation in velocity, heat and mass transfer coefficients for all the particles. Simulations predicted moisture loss data that matches well with the experimentally measured values. Average moisture for each layer was also compared for various intermediate drying times. Simulation results captured the overall drying process for multiple particles system adequately. The results are compared with the results obtained with drying of a single almond. The approach, models and presented results will be useful for designing large-scale drying units for almonds. © 2017 Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers

10aAlmonds10aCFD10aDrying1 aChilka, A., G.1 aRanade, V., V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/drying-almonds-ii-multiple-particles02678nas a2200385 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000800266520138600274653001201660653002901672653002601701653001601727653001501743653001401758653003101772653001901803653001101822653002401833653002501857653002801882653001801910653001401928653002701942653003301969653001902002653002502021100002802046700002502074700002002099700002302119700002302142856012702165 2017 eng d a0273-228900aNew insight into sugarcane industry waste utilization (press mud) for cleaner biobutanol production by using c. acetobutylicum nrrl b-5270 aNew insight into sugarcane industry waste utilization press mud  cMAY3 a

In the present study, press mud, a sugar industry waste, was explored for biobutanol production to strengthen agricultural economy. The fermentative production of biobutanol was investigated via series of steps, viz. characterization, drying, acid hydrolysis, detoxification, and fermentation. Press mud contains an adequate amount of cellulose (22.3%) and hemicellulose (21.67%) on dry basis, and hence, it can be utilized for further acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production. Drying experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 60–120 °C to circumvent microbial spoilage and enhance storability of press mud. Furthermore, acidic pretreatment variables, viz. sulfuric acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, and time, were optimized using response surface methodology. The corresponding values were found to be 1.5% (v/v), 1:5 g/mL, and 15 min, respectively. In addition, detoxification studies were also conducted using activated charcoal, which removed almost 93–97% phenolics and around 98% furans, which are toxic to microorganisms during fermentation. Finally, the batch fermentation of detoxified press mud slurry (the sample dried at 100 °C and pretreated) using Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B-527 resulted in a higher butanol production of 4.43 g/L with a total ABE of 6.69 g/L. © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York Author keywords

10aAcetone10aAcetone butanol ethanols10aAcidic pre treatments10aAgriculture10aBiobutanol10acellulose10aClostridium acetobutylicum10aDetoxification10aDrying10aDrying Fermentation10aFermentationSpoilage10aFermentative production10aPre-treatment10aPress mud10aPress mud Pretreatment10aResponse surface methodology10aSugar industry10aSulfur determination1 aNimbalkar, Pranhita, R.1 aKhedkar, Manisha, A.1 aGaikwad, S., G.1 aChavan, Pramod, V.1 aBankar, Sandip, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-insight-sugarcane-industry-waste-utilization-press-mud-cleaner-biobutanol-production02138nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245005100055210005100106260000800157300001200165490000700177520155400184653001201738653000801750653001101758653001301769653001501782100002401797700002201821856007701843 2019 eng d a0008-403400aCFD modelling of almond drying in a tray dryer0 aCFD modelling of almond drying in a tray dryer cFEB a560-5720 v973 a

Drying is important in many food processing applications, and particularly so in the dry fruits industry. This work is focused on developing computational models for simulating the drying of almonds in a tray dryer. It is important to quantitatively understand heat and mass transfer within and around a single almond particle as well as the particle-particle interactions and their implications for dryer design. In this work, we have developed a systematic CFD modelling framework for modelling almond drying in a tray dryer. A single tray filled with almonds (similar to 2 kg) were dried at three set temperatures viz., 55, 65, and 75 degrees C. Air relative humidity at the inlet and outlet locations, and the weight of almonds were measured during drying for each experiment. An additional set of experiments were conducted in which almonds were filled only in the half section of the tray, keeping the other half empty. The same amount of almonds were used, to have multiple layers of almonds in the tray, and the set temperature for the experiment was 75 degrees C. Flow, heat, and mass transfer in the tray dryer were simulated using commercial CFD software Ansys Fluent. The validated computational model was used to simulate various cases including larger and more trays. The developed approach and models will be useful to select the appropriate dryer configuration and optimize its design. The developed models will also be useful to identify suitable operation conditions for the drying of almonds as well as other food products.

10aAlmonds10aCFD10aDrying10ascale-up10atray dryer1 aChilka, Amarvir, G.1 aRanade, Vivek, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/cfd-modelling-almond-drying-tray-dryer