02861nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260009900224300001200323490000700335520195800342653002002300653000802320653001502328653001502343653001602358653001202374653000902386653001502395653001102410100001502421700001702436700001302453856011702466 2005 eng d a0140-700700aPerformance assessment of HC-290 as a drop-in substitute to HCFC-22 in a window air conditioner0 aPerformance assessment of HC290 as a dropin substitute to HCFC22 aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN a594-6040 v283 a

As per the Montreal Protocol, CFCs and HCFCs are being phased out. HCFC-22 is used in window air conditioners. This paper presents the experimental performance study of a window air conditioner with propane (HC-290), a natural refrigerant, as a drop-in substitute to HCFC-22. Experimental results showed that HC-290 had 6.6% lower cooling capacity for the lower operating conditions and 9.7% lower for the higher operating conditions with respect to HCFC-22. The coefficient of performance for HC290 was 7.9% higher for the lower operating conditions and 2.8% higher for the higher operating conditions. The energy consumption of the unit with HC-290 was lower in the range 12.4-13.5% than HCFC-22. The discharge pressures for HC-290 were lower in the range 13.7-18.2% than HCFC-22. For HC-290, the pressure drop was lower than HCFC-22 in both heat exchangers. This paper also presents simulation results for the heat exchangers of an HCFC-22 window air conditioner with HC-290 as a drop-in substitute. The simulation has been carried out using EVAP-COND, a heat exchanger model developed by NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology. EVAP-COND: simulation models for finned-tube heat exchangers, Maryland, USA (2003). http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/software/evap-cond/ [18]]. The simulated evaporator capacities are within +/- 4% of the experimentally measured cooling capacities for both refrigerants. Simulation results for HC-290 and HCFC-22 are compared. The exit temperatures of HC-290 are lower by 0.3-1.2 degrees C in the condenser and are higher by 2.1-2.4 degrees C in the evaporator than HCFC-22. Evaporating pressures of HC-290 are lower by 2.1-3.3% as compared to HCFC-22. The pressure drops of HC-290 are lower in both the evaporator and the condenser as compared to HCFC-22. The outlet temperatures of air for HCFC-22 and HC-290 in both heat exchangers are nearly the same. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

10aair conditioner10aCOP10aEvaporator10aexperiment10aperformance10apropane10aR-2210asimulation10awindow1 aDevotta, S1 aPadalkar, AS1 aSane, NK uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/performance-assessment-hc-290-drop-substitute-hcfc-22-window-air-conditioner-102353nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260010600209300001400315490000700329520152300336653002101859653000801880653001601888653001601904653002201920653001101942100001501953700001701968700001301985856011301998 2005 eng d a1359-431100aPerformance assessment of HCFC-22 window air conditioner retrofitted with R-407C0 aPerformance assessment of HCFC22 window air conditioner retrofit aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcDEC a2937-29490 v253 a

This paper presents the experimental performance analysis of a 1.5 TR window air-conditioner, retrofitted with R-407C, as a substitute to HCFC-22. Experimental results showed that R-407C, for the operating conditions covered in this study, had lower cooling capacity in the range 2.1-7.9% with respect to HCFC-22. The coefficient of performance for R-407C was lower in the range 7.9-13.5%. The power consumption of the unit with R-407C was higher in the range 6-7% than HCFC-22. The discharge pressures for R-407C were higher in the range 11-13% than HCFC-22. This paper also presents simulation results of heat exchangers of an HCFC-22 window air conditioner retrofitted with R-407C. The simulation has been carried out using EVAP-COND, a heat exchanger model developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A. The simulated evaporator capacities are within +/- 3% of the experimentally measured cooling capacities for both refrigerants. Simulation results for R-407C and HCFC-22 are compared. The exit temperatures of R-407C are lower by 1.9 degrees C to 5.2 degrees C in the condenser and are higher by 3.2 degrees C to 3.8 degrees C in the evaporator than HCFC-22. Evaporating pressures of R-407C are higher by 4.5-5.3% as compared to HCFC-22. The pressure drops of R-407C are lower in both the evaporator and the condenser as compared to HCFC-22. The outlet temperatures of air for HCFC-22 and R-407C in both heat exchangers are nearly the same. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10acooling capacity10aCOP10ameasurement10aperformance10apower consumption10aR-407C1 aDevotta, S1 aPadalkar, AS1 aSane, NK uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/performance-assessment-hcfc-22-window-air-conditioner-retrofitted-r-407c-001991nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260009100223300001900314490000600333520117300339653001501512653001901527653002101546653001601567653002701583100002201610700001701632856012401649 2007 eng d a1542-658000aAnalysis of a membrane reactor: influence of membrane characteristics and operating conditions0 aAnalysis of a membrane reactor influence of membrane characteris a2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USAbBERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESScAPR aArticle No. A50 v53 a

Modeling of an esterification reaction in a batch pervaporation membrane reactor (PVMR), and an analysis of the PVMR performance under different reaction conditions for different membrane characteristics are presented. Esterification of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid was considered as the model reaction. The PVMR performance for this reaction could be represented by a 2-step series model. The PVMR performance was similar to that of the batch reactor when both the reactors were in the kinetic regime. However, the performance of the PVMR was superior to that of the batch reactor when both were in the intermediate/equilibrium regime of the reaction. In these regions, the PVMR performance was influenced/limited by the membrane flux and selectivity. The analysis showed that the membrane flux affected the PVMR performance in the intermediate region and the membrane selectivity affected the performance in the equilibrium regime. Further, the limitations introduced by a low-flux membrane could be overcome by appropriate selection of the membrane area and that due to poor selectivity could be compensated to a certain extent by adjusting the feed ratio.

10acomparison10aEsterification10amembrane reactor10aperformance10apervaporation membrane1 aTanna, Nikunj, P.1 aMayadevi, S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/analysis-membrane-reactor-influence-membrane-characteristics-and-operating-conditions02820nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245018300055210006900238260000800307300001400315490000600329520162200335653002201957653002001979653001201999653001402011653002402025653002402049653002402073653002102097653002002118653001702138653003002155653001602185653001402201653002702215653003402242100002402276700002302300700002402323856012302347 2017 eng d a2365-654900aActivity tuning of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles anchored on N-doped reduced graphene oxide as a potential oxygen reduction electrocatalyst by Zn substitution in the spinel matrix0 aActivity tuning of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles anchored on Ndop cSEP a7845-78530 v23 a

Development of highly efficient and durable ORR catalysts by using non-platinum group metals (such as Co, Fe, Mn, and Zn) is a challenging task in the forward path towards the realization of low-cost energy devices in the commercial stream. The present work deals with an effective strategy wherein an efficient Pt-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is prepared by stoichiometrically substituting some fraction of Fe with Zn in cobalt ferrite and anchoring these spinel nanoparticles on nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO). Zn substitution is found to be significantly altering the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ in the cobalt ferrite nanocrystal system with a concomitant promotional influence on its electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. The nanoparticle composition with a Co, Fe and Zn molar ratio of 1.0:1.7:0.3, represented by the formula CoFe1.7Zn0.3O4(CFZn(0.3)), supported over N-rGO has shown 10 mV and 20 mV positive shift in the onset and half-wave potentials, respectively, for ORR in 0.1 M KOH in comparison to the nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 supported over N-rGO (CF/N-rGO). The optimum Zn substitution is found to be narrowing down the difference with the state-of-the-art Pt/C for ORR by 100 and 110 mV in terms of the onset and half-wave potentials, respectively. Most significantly, the homemade catalyst is found to be clearly outperforming the Pt catalyst in terms of the limiting current density and electrochemical durability.

10aCarbon Nano-fiber10aCathod Catalyst10aCoFe2O410aEvolution10aMagnetic-properties10aMembrane fuel- Cell10aMetal-Air Batteries10aN-doped graphene10aNanocrystalline10ananocrystals10aoxygen reduction reaction10aperformance10aPlatinium10asolvothermal synthesis10aZn substituted cobalt ferrite1 aKashyap, Varchaswal1 aSingh, Santosh, K.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/activity-tuning-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles-anchored-n-doped-reduced-graphene-oxide02926nas a2200325 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000800212490000600220520185800226653003302084653001302117653001202130653003002142653002002172653002502192653001802217653001402235653001002249653002102259653001602280653002002296653002002316653003902336100002302375700002902398700003002427700001802457856012502475 2017 eng d00aCopper Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets Realizing a Promising Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction0 aCopper Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets Realizing a Promising Electroca cSEP0 v73 a

Nanostructured CuCo2S4, a mixed metal thiospinel, is found to be a benchmark electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in this study with a low overpotential, a low Tafel slope, a high durability, and a high turnover frequency (TOF) at lower mass loadings. Nanosheets of CuCo2S4 are realized from a hydrothermal synthesis method in which the average thickness of the sheets is found to be in the range of 815 nm. Aggregated nanosheets form a highly open hierarchical structure. When used as an electrocatalyst, CuCo2S4 nanosheets offer an overpotential value of 310 mV at a 10 mA cm(2) current density, which remains consistent for 10000 measured cycles in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. A chronoamperometric study reveals constant oxygen evolution for 12 h at a 10 mV s(-1) scan rate without any degradation of the activity. Furthermore, the calculated mass activity of the CuCo2S4 electrocatalyst is found to be 14.29 A/g and to afford a TOF value of 0.1431 s(-1) at 310 mV at a mass loading of 0.7 mg cm(-2). For comparison, nanostructures of Co3S4 and Cu0.5Co2.5S4 have been synthesized using a similar method followed for CuCo2S4. When compared to the OER activities among these three thiospinels and standard IrO2, CuCo2S4 nanosheets offered the highest OER activities at the same mass loading (0.7 mg/cm(-2)). Extensive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses for a mechanistic study reveal that introduction of Cu into the Co3S4 lattice enhances the oxygen evolution and kinetics by offering Cu2+ sites for utilitarian adsorption of OH, O, and OOH reactive species and also by offering a highly active high-spin state of octahedral Co3+ for OER catalysis.

10aBifunctional Electrocatalyst10aCatalyst10aCuco2s410aEfficient Electrocatalyst10aelectrocatalyst10aElectronic-structure10aNanoparticles10aNanosheet10aoxide10aoxygen evolution10aperformance10aRecent Progress10aWater oxidation10aWater Splitting Hydrogen Evolution1 aChauhan, Meenakshi1 aReddy, Kasala, Prabhakar1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aDeka, Sasanka uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/copper-cobalt-sulfide-nanosheets-realizing-promising-electrocatalytic-oxygen-evolution02138nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260000800286300001600294490000600310520116500316653001401481653003001495653001301525653001001538653002101548653001001569653003001579653001601609653001601625653000901641100002001650700002401670700002401694856013001718 2017 eng d a2040-336400aNiZn double hydroxide nanosheet-anchored nitrogen-doped graphene enriched with the gamma-NiOOH phase as an activity modulated water oxidation electrocatalyst0 aNiZn double hydroxide nanosheetanchored nitrogendoped graphene e cSEP a12590-126000 v93 a

Herein, we report a facile solvothermal process to synthesize an active electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium by anchoring nanosheets of a NiZn double hydroxide over nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide after enriching the system with the γ-NiOOH phase. This catalyst possesses a thin, porous and open layered structure, which makes the system more efficient and accessible for a better electrochemical water oxidation reaction. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated that incorporation of Zn via a single-step solvothermal method provides an easy approach to obtain plenty of exposed γ-NiOOH phases to make the system more viable for OER with a small overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 44 mV per decade. In addition to this, the oxophilic nature of Zn in the (Zn)Ni-LDH/N-rGO catalyst helps to improve the long-term stability of the whole system. The obtained results open up possibilities for the design of future robust OER electrocatalysts by the use of very cheap and abundant materials like Ni and Zn in place of expensive Ir and Ru in the present commercial electrocatalysts.

10acatalysis10aEfficient Electrocatalyst10akinetics10aMetal10aNickel-Hydroxide10aoxide10aOxygen Evolution Reaction10aperformance10aXPS Spectra10azinc1 aNadeema, Ayasha1 aDhavale, Vishal, M.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/nizn-double-hydroxide-nanosheet-anchored-nitrogen-doped-graphene-enriched-gamma-niooh-phase