01881nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260006900216300001000285490000800295520101100303653001301314653002001327653001601347653002401363653002601387100002501413700002601438700002901464700002201493856012401515 2005 eng d a0921-510700aRapid hydrothermal synthesis route for nanocrystalline SrZrO3 using reactive precursors0 aRapid hydrothermal synthesis route for nanocrystalline SrZrO3 us aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAY a87-930 v1193 a

Synthesis of nanocrystalline, orthorhombic (space group Pnma) SrZrO3 was achieved using appropriate molar proportions of nitrate salts of strontium and zirconium as precursors. Formation of SrZrO3 (SZ) was facilitated hydrothermally in time period as less as half-an-hour, in aqueous medium with alkaline pH as confirmed by XRD. Sample characterization was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy; powder XRD, SEM, TEM and DSC. The results have been explained by proposing a suitable reaction mechanism based on the step-wise analysis of the reaction intermediates using FT-IR as well as XRD. A double cation hydroxide composite formation is anticipated that under hydrothermal conditions results in the formation of SrZrO3. Morphology of the samples was determined with the help of SEM and TEM. The particle size distribution as seen from the TEM micrograph lies in the range of 15-25 nm. Heats of reaction for different decomposition steps were obtained by DSC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCeramics10aCrystallization10adiffraction10aElectron microscopy10ainfrared spectroscopy1 aAthawale, Anjali, A.1 aChandwadkar, Asha, J.1 aKarandikar, Prashant, R.1 aBapat, Malini, S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/rapid-hydrothermal-synthesis-route-nanocrystalline-srzro3-using-reactive-precursors-001933nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260006800263300001200331490000700343520104200350653002001392653000801412653003801420653001501458653001801473653000801491100002201499700002101521700001801542856013101560 2005 eng d a0887-626600aStudies on characterization of nano CaCO3 prepared by the in situ deposition technique and its application in PP-nano CaCO3 composites0 aStudies on characterization of nano CaCO3 prepared by the in sit a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJAN a107-1130 v433 a

The elegant approach of in situ deposition technique was used for the synthesis of nano CaCO3 the nanosize of particles was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for determination of the enthalpy. The nano CaCO3 polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by taking 2 and 10 wt % of different nanosizes (21-39 nm) of CaCO3. Conversion of the alpha phase to beta was observed in the case of 2 wt % of a 30-nm sized amount of CaCO3 in a PP composite. The decrement in DeltaH and percent. crystallinity, as well as the increment in melt temperature were recorded for 6 wt % nano CaCO3 with a decrease in nanosize from 39 to 21 nm. The increment in tensile strength with an increase in the amount of nano CaCO3 was observed, and the tower particle size shoved Greater improvement. The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties is because of the formation of a greater number of small spherulites uniformly present in the PP matrix. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10aCrystallization10aDSC10amechanical and thermal properties10anano CaCO310apolypropylene10aXRD1 aMishra, Satyendra1 aSonawane, S., H.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-characterization-nano-caco3-prepared-situ-deposition-technique-and-its-application-001638nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245017900055210006900234260006800303300001200371490000700383520068300390653001801073653002001091653002101111653002001132653002701152653000801179653002401187100002901211700002501240856013101265 2007 eng d a0887-624X00aSynthesis and characterization of poly(higher-alpha-olefin)s with a nickel(alpha-diimine)/methylaluminoxane catalyst system: effect of chain running on the polymer properties0 aSynthesis and characterization of polyhigheralphaolefins with a  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJAN a191-2100 v453 a

Homopolymerization of octadecene-1 at different reaction conditions has been studied. Significant chain running can be seen at higher polymerization temperatures. Interestingly, insertion of octadecene-1 into a sterically hindered nickel-cation/carbon (secondary) bond is observed. The microstructure of the polymer was established using NMR spectroscopy. The effects of chain running on polymer melting, crystallization behavior, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties were studied using DSC and DMTA. The extent of chain running (i.e., 2 omega-, 1,omega-enchainments) decreases with an increase in the carbon number of alpha-olefins. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10achain running10aCrystallization10aglass transition10amelt transition10anickel (alpha-diimine)10aNMR10apoly(alpha-olefin)s1 aSubramanyam, Ummadisetty1 aSivaram, Swaminathan uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-polyhigher-alpha-olefins-nickelalpha-diiminemethylaluminoxane01949nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007700248300001200325490000800337520113500345653002001480653002101500653002601521653002901547100002001576700001901596856012801615 2008 eng d a1022-136000aStudies on the effect of glass transition on the crystalline transition in syndiotactic polystyrene - solvent complexes0 aStudies on the effect of glass transition on the crystalline tra aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcNOV a109-1140 v2733 a

Amorphous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was crystallized at room temperature in Norbornadiene (bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene), Mesitylene (1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene), 3-Carene (3,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-ene) and DMN (1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene) to form the sPS-solvent complex (h form) with respective solvent molecules. In situ HTFTIR studies showed that the delta form to gamma form transformation temperature occurs well below the glass transition temperature of sPS, which is depressed due to the presence of solvent in the amorphous phase; higher the solvent content in the complex, lower the transition temperature. Glass transition temperatures determined by Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) coincide with the transition temperatures, indicating that the delta form transforms into gamma form at the glass transition temperature for these complexes. Such a behavior is very different from the behaviour of the sPS- solvent complexes formed by dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, o-dichlorobenzene, decalin (cis-trans) etc. and for these complexes the transition occur well above the T(g).

10aCrystallization10aglass transition10ainfrared spectroscopy10aSyndiotactic polystyrene1 aNaidu, Sudhakar1 aRamesh, N., C. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-effect-glass-transition-crystalline-transition-syndiotactic-polystyrene-solvent-001825nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260007300264300001200337490000800349520081600357653001501173653002001188653003801208653003101246653001401277653001101291100002801302700002101330700002401351700002901375700002501404856013001429 2010 eng d a1387-181100aMicro-/meso-porous stannosilicate composites (Sn-MFI/MCM-41) via two-step crystallization process: process parameter-phase relationship0 aMicromesoporous stannosilicate composites SnMFIMCM41 via twostep aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC a115-1250 v1363 a

Sn-MFI/MCM-41 composite material was successfully synthesized by monitoring the re-crystallization time in a simple two-step crystallization process. The length of period allowed for the recrystallization of the precursor species was found to be a controlling factor to achieve either the end members viz. Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-MFI or Sn-MFI/MCM-41 composite material. Powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, nitrogen sorption measurement, DRUV-vis and hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol reaction were used as the characterization tools. Attempts were also made to establish the relationship between type of phase formed and the process parameters such as aging time, re-crystallization temperature, time and molar ratios of TPAOH/SiO(2), CTMABr/SiO(2) and SiO(2)/SnO(2) in the gel. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10acomposites10aCrystallization10aMicro-/meso-porous stannosilicate10ap-Cresol hydroxyalkylation10aSn-MCM-4110aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aGarade, Ajit, C.1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/micro-meso-porous-stannosilicate-composites-sn-mfimcm-41-two-step-crystallization-process-001967nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245019500055210006900250260007900319300001400398490000800412520102600420653002001446653001001466653002101476653003001497653001201527100002201539700002601561700002101587856012901608 2013 eng d a0273-228900aCrystalline xylitol production by a novel yeast, pichia caribbica (HQ222812), and its application for quorum sensing inhibition in gram-negative marker strain chromobacterium violaceum CV0260 aCrystalline xylitol production by a novel yeast pichia caribbica a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcMAR a1753-17630 v1693 a

Xylitol, a sugar alcohol, is fast gaining ground over other artificial sugar substitutes owing to its advantageous properties. Xylitol is a safer alternative for diabetics because of insulin-independent metabolism. It has beneficial properties suitable to form an important part of odontological formulations. Conventional commercial production of xylitol involves harsh chemical method operating at high temperature and pressure. Thus, microbial production of xylitol is preferred over chemical method, and yeasts have been extensively exploited for this purpose. In the present manuscript, quantitative production of xylitol from d-xylose with the yield of 0.852 gm/gm and volumetric productivity of 1.83 gm/l/h in crystalline form, using novel yeast Pichia caribbica is reported. Also, a mild, safe procedure for product extraction is described. The ability of xylitol to act as a quorum sensing antagonist in gram-negative marker strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 has been demonstrated for the first time.

10aCrystallization10aCV02610aPichia caribbica10aQuorum sensing antagonist10axylitol1 aMukherji, Ruchira1 aJoshi-Navare, Kasturi1 aPrabhune, Asmita uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystalline-xylitol-production-novel-yeast-pichia-caribbica-hq222812-and-its-application-002327nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260010200197300001400299490000700313520153300320653000801853653002001861653001101881653001501892653001701907653002001924100002401944700002201968856010701990 2013 eng d a0256-249900aCrystallization: key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects0 aCrystallization key thermodynamic kinetic and hydrodynamic aspec aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACAD SCIENCEScDEC a1287-13370 v383 a

Crystallization is extensively used in different industrial applications, including the production of a wide range of materials such as fertilizers, detergents, food and pharmaceutical products, as well as in the mineral processing industries and treatment of waste effluents. In spite of the wide-spread use of crystallization, a clear understanding of the thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of the design methodologies are not yet well established. More often than not crystallization is still considered an art especially in fine-chemicals, pharmaceuticals and life-sciences sector. It is essential to understand and relate key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects to crystallizer performance, not just in terms of yield but also in terms of product quality (characterized by particle size distribution, morphology, polymorphism and the amount of strain as well as the uptake of solvent or impurities in the crystal lattice). This paper attempts to do that by critically reviewing published experimental and modelling studies on establishing and enhancing state-of-the-art thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of crystallization. Efforts are made to discuss and raise points for emerging modelling tools needed for a flexible design and operation of crystallizers and crystallization processes that are needed to meet the ever increasing demand on precise product specifications. Focus is on bringing out the trends which can be used as perspectives for future studies in this field.

10aCFD10aCrystallization10agrowth10aNucleation10apolymorphism10asupersaturation1 aVedantam, Sreepriya1 aRanade, Vivek, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystallization-key-thermodynamic-kinetic-and-hydrodynamic-aspects-002212nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007300229300001000302490000800312520137700320653002001697653000801717653001301725653001501738653001101753100002201764700002001786700001801806700001801824856012801842 2013 eng d a1387-181100aCrystallization kinetics of Sn-MFI molecular sieve formation by dry gel cross mark conversion method0 aCrystallization kinetics of SnMFI molecular sieve formation by d aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC a73-800 v1823 a

The conversion of amorphous stannosilicate dry gel into crystalline molecular sieve with MFI structure (Sn-MFI) was achieved by dry gel conversion (DGC) method at 413, 443 and 473 K. For comparison purpose, Sn-MFI molecular sieve with similar SiO2/SnO2 mole ratio was also obtained by hydrothermal crystallization route. Crystallization curves were established by conducting time dependant studies on progressive crystallization processes for both the systems. The values of activation energy of nucleation (E-n), activation energy of crystallization (E-c), and their pre-exponential factors (InA(n), InA(c) respectively) were calculated from Arrhenius plots. Compared to the hydrothermal method, shorter induction period was observed when DGC method was employed. Both the E-n (49.70 kJ/mol) and E-c (52.82 kJ/mol) for DGC method were found to be lower than that of the E-n (55.70 kJ/mop and E-c (60.23 kJ/mol) for hydrothermal method. The kinetics parameters viz. K and q were derived from kinetic expressions and DGC method showed higher value of K and lower value of q compared to hydrothermal crystallization method at identical temperature. Various DGC method parameters such as water content at the bottom of autoclave and SiO2/SnO2 mole ratio have shown the influence on the kinetics of crystallization of Sn-MFI. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10aCrystallization10aDGC10akinetics10aNucleation10aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aTangale, N., P.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aAwate, S., V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystallization-kinetics-sn-mfi-molecular-sieve-formation-dry-gel-cross-mark-conversion-001670nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260007300283300001200356490001000368520061900378653002100997653002001018653002001038653001601058653001901074100002301093700002001116700001701136700002501153700001701178700001801195700001801213700001801231856013101249 2013 eng d a0169-131700aUltrasound promoted efficient and green protocol for the expeditious synthesis of 1, 4 disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles using Cu(II) doped clay as catalyst0 aUltrasound promoted efficient and green protocol for the expedit aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG a351-3570 v80-813 a

Cu(II) doped clay catalyst has been prepared by an easy technique from inexpensive starting materials and investigated for the one pot synthesis of 1, 4-disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles via Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The catalyst is highly active, selective, and stable and can be reused several times. The prepared catalyst has been characterized by XRD, BET-SA, H-2-TPR, SEM and XPS techniques. This transformation is fast, efficient and does not require nitrogen atmosphere or anoxic conditions and additive. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCatalyst support10aCopper catalyst10aCrystallization10aselectivity10aSustainability1 aDar, Bashir, Ahmad1 aBhowmik, Amrita1 aSharma, Amit1 aSharma, Parduman, R.1 aLazar, Anish1 aSingh, A., P.1 aSharma, Meena1 aSingh, Baldev uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/ultrasound-promoted-efficient-and-green-protocol-expeditious-synthesis-1-4-disubstituted-1-002011nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001100229490000800240520133000248653002001578653001201598653002201610653001701632653001501649100002101664856012001685 2022 eng d a0032-386100aEffect of ionic interactions on crystallization of star telechelic poly (L-lactide) ionomers0 aEffect of ionic interactions on crystallization of star telechel cJUN a1249390 v2523 a

Effect of ionic interactions on crystallization properties of star telechelic poly(L-lactide) ionomers was studied by performing isothermal crystallization experiments. We report a comparison between star PLLA and star telechelic PLLA ionomer. It was evident that the ionic interactions in the ionomer affected the crystallization rate as well as modified the spherulitic morphology. Employing Avrami analysis on the isothermal crystallization data we show that star PLLA shows faster crystallization at higher temperatures (closer to melting point) than the star PLLA ionomer. However, a reversal of this trend in crystallization is observed at lower temperatures (closer to glass transition temperature). The origin of high temperatures behaviour comparison is explained in terms of the higher secondary nucleation barrier for ionomers using the famous Lauritzen- Hoffman secondary nucleation theory. However, we point out that the assumption of equal diffusion barrier in this theory limits its range of applicability. In order to explain the low temperature behaviour, we invoke the activation energy comparison in PLLA and ionomer using rheological studies. We show that although the presence of ions in the polymer impede the secondary nucleation process, its effect is only observed at higher temperatures.

10aCrystallization10aIonomer10aPoly( L -lactide)10aStar polymer10aTelechelic1 aKulkarni, Amruta uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-ionic-interactions-crystallization-star-telechelic-poly-l-lactide-ionomers02486nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000900249300001400258490000600272520153800278653002001816653002001836653003501856653002101891653001401912100002501926700002001951700001901971700002301990700001902013700002002032700003102052856012502083 2024 eng d a2637-610500aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) blends for 3D printing application0 aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties cMAY  a5754-57620 v63 a

3D printing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends has been attempted to resolve issues such as inherent brittleness and slow crystallization rate of PLA. However, a persistent challenge remains in the form of phase separation or gradual migration of the blended soft polymer or plasticizers. To simultaneously enhance the miscibility of the blends and toughness of 3D-printed parts, a triblock copolymer PLA-PEG-PLA was synthesized and blended with PLA in varying proportions (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %). Blending only 10-20 wt % low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA into PLA yielded a miscible blend that showed a 45-fold increase in elongation at break and a 23-fold enhancement in toughness over neat PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of fractured cross sections revealed a brittle to ductile transition in 3D-printed PLA/PLA-PEG-PLA samples. Isothermal crystallization studies and data analysis using the Avrami equation showed an enhancement in the crystal growth rate and overall rate of crystallization. The blends achieved half of their crystallinity in approximately 3 min, a significant improvement over the 9 min required by PLA alone. This underscores the efficiency of our approach. This was also evident in the spherulite growth of 3D-printed PLA and mPLA blends when examined using polarized optical microscopy (POM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the use of blends that include PLA and low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymers for 3D printing applications.

10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10aPLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymer10apoly(lacticacid)10atoughness1 aKothavade, Premkumar1 aYadav, Prashant1 aGopal, Animesh1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aKafi, Abdullah1 aBateman, Stuart1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhancing-crystallization-kinetics-and-mechanical-properties-polylactic-acid-blends-3d