01916nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260006800211300001200279490000800291520111000299653001501409653001801424653001701442653001601459100002301475700002001498700002801518700002701546856011301573 2007 eng d a0021-899500aDevelopment of transdermal drug-delivery films with castor-oil-based polyurethanes0 aDevelopment of transdermal drugdelivery films with castoroilbase a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJAN a779-7880 v1033 a

Two different types of polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared with castor oil, ethylene glycol, isophorene diisocyanate and castor oil, and isophoren diisocyanate and poly(ethylene glycol) (400 or 600). PU films were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. We prepared transdermal patches by loading different amounts of drug, plasticizer, and penetration enhancer. In vitro drug permeability through the castor-oil-based aliphatic PU patches was examined with a Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The effect of castor oil on the film-forming properties and the effect of penetration enhancers on diffusion characteristics of indomethacin (IDM) drug through the castor-oil-based PU were investigated. Prolonged release of IDM was observed from the prepared PU patches. In vitro drug diffusion revealed that slow and prolonged release of IDM was achieved in the absence of penetration enhancers. The use of penetration enhancers showed a significant effect on drug diffusion. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10acastor oil10adrug delivery10apolyurethane10atransdermal1 aShelke, Namdev, B.1 aSairam, Malladi1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.1 aAminabhavi, Tejraj, M. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-transdermal-drug-delivery-films-castor-oil-based-polyurethanes01476nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260007700209300001600286490000700302520058100309653001400890653001700904653001800921653000900939653001900948653001700967100001800984700002101002700001901023700002201042700003001064856011601094 2008 eng d a0947-653900aNatural gum reduced/stabilized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery formulations0 aNatural gum reducedstabilized gold nanoparticles for drug delive aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcOCT a10244-102500 v143 a

``Gellan Gum'', widely used in food and confectionary industry as a thickening and gelling agent, has been employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles display greater stability to electrolyte addition and pH changes relative to the traditional citrate and borohydride reduced nanoparticles. Subsequently these have been used to load anthracycline ring antibiotic doxorubicin hydrochloride. The drug loaded on these nanoparticles showed enhanced cytotoxic effects on human glioma cell lines LN-18 and LN-229.

10aApoptosis10aCytotoxicity10adrug delivery10aGold10aNanostructures10anatural gums1 aDhar, Sheetal1 aReddy, Maheswara1 aShiras, Anjali1 aPokharkar, Varsha1 aPrasad, Bhagavatula L. V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/natural-gum-reducedstabilized-gold-nanoparticles-drug-delivery-formulations-001986nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245006000055210005900115260007100174300001400245490000600259520116700265653001701432653001601449653001801465653001501483653001701498100002601515700002401541700001801565700003201583700002501615856009201640 2009 eng d a1936-085100aFullerenol-cytotoxic conjugates for cancer chemotherapy0 aFullerenolcytotoxic conjugates for cancer chemotherapy a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP a2505-25140 v33 a

In the present study, we report the novel application of polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) in cancer drug delivery. The facile synthetic procedure for generating multiple hydroxyl groups on the fullerene cage offers scope for high drug loading in addition to conferring hydrophilicity. Doxorubicin, a first line cancer chemotherapeutic, was conjugated to fullerenols through a carbamate linker, achieving ultrahigh loading efficiency. The drug-fullerenol conjugate was found to be relatively stable in phosphate buffer saline but temporally released the active drug when incubated with tumor cell lysate. The fullerenol-doxorubicin conjugate suppressed the proliferation of cancer cell-lines in vitro through a G2-M cell cycle block, resulting in apoptosis. Furthermore, in an in vivo murine tumor model, fullerenol-doxorubicin exhibited Comparable antitumor efficacy as free drug without the systemic toxicity of free doxorubicin. Additionally, we demonstrate that the fullerenol platform can be extended to other chemotherapeutic agents, such as the slightly water-soluble cisplatin, and can emerge as a new paradigm in the management of cancer.

10achemotherapy10adoxorubicin10adrug delivery10afullerenol10ananoparticle1 aChaudhuri, Padmaparna1 aParaskar, Abhimanyu1 aSoni, Shivani1 aMashelkar, Raghunath, Anant1 aSengupta, Shiladitya uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/fullerenol-cytotoxic-conjugates-cancer-chemotherapy-002324nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260009200222300001400314490000700328520144700335653002001782653001701802653001701819653001801836653002201854653001801876653001701894100001601911700002601927856012901953 2010 eng d a1533-488000aHeterofunctional nanomaterials: fabrication, properties and applications in nanobiotechnology0 aHeterofunctional nanomaterials fabrication properties and applic a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJUL a4124-41340 v103 a

Nanotechnology and nanoengineering includes a novel class of materials that are gaining significant recognition to pursuit technological/biological advances in diverse fields including, biology, medicine, electronics, engineering etc. due to their unique size- and shape-dependent intrinsic physicochemical, optoelectronic and biological properties. Characteristics such as high surface to volume ratios and quantum confinement results in materials that are qualitatively different from their bulk counterparts. These properties not only make them suitable for numerous applications in existing and emerging technologies, but also have outstanding role in many fields that provide inspiration for their fabrication. In Today's trend nanotechnology is spreading vigorously where researchers all over the world are focusing towards their synthesis and applications. Therefore, this review is helpful for the researchers in the field of nanobiotechnology/nanomedicine, providing a brief overview of nanotechnology, covering nanomaterial synthesis methods (with emphasis on environmentally benign greener approaches), their properties, and applications; such as drug delivery, bio-labeling, nanotoxicity etc. The influence of synthesis methods and surface coatings/stabilizing agents and their subsequent applications is discussed, and a broad outline on the biomedical applications into which they have been implemented is also presented.

10aBio-Fabrication10aBio-Labeling10aCell imaging10adrug delivery10aGreener Synthesis10aNanomaterials10aNanotoxicity1 aKumar, Anil1 aKhan, Mohammad, Islam uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/heterofunctional-nanomaterials-fabrication-properties-and-applications-nanobiotechnology-002266nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260007300235300001200308490000600320520129400326653001701620653001801637653002601655653002701681100002301708700002101731700001701752700002501769700002701794700002201821700002901843856012801872 2012 eng d a1549-963400aCharacterization of biocompatible NiCo2O4 nanoparticles for applications in hyperthermia and drug delivery0 aCharacterization of biocompatible NiCo2O4 nanoparticles for appl aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY a452-4590 v83 a

Monodispersed, superparamagnetic nickel cobaltite (NCO) nanoparticles were functionalized using mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). MPA conjugates with NCO forming a metal-carboxylate linkage, with the MPA-MPA interaction occurring via formation of disulfide bonds, leaving another carboxyl end free for additional conjugation. The cytotoxicity studies on NCO-MPA show cell viability of similar to 100% up to a dosage of 40 mu g/mL on SiHa, MCF7, and B16F10 cell lines, and on mouse primary fibroblasts. Time-dependent cell viability studies done for a duration of 72 hours showed the cell lines' viability up to 80% for dosages as high as 80 mu g/mL. Negligible leaching (<5 ppm) of ionic Co or Ni was noted into the delivery medium. Upon subjecting the NCO-MPA dispersion (0.1 mg/mL) to radiofrequency absorption, the nanoparticles were heated to 75 degrees C within 2 minutes, suggesting its promise as a magnetic hyperthermia agent. Furthermore, the amino acid lysine and the drug cephalexin were successfully adducted to the NCO system, suggesting its potential for drug delivery. From the Clinical Editor: NCO-MPA nanopartciles were found to be promising magnetic hyperthermia agents, suggesting potential future clinical applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10aCytotoxicity10adrug delivery10aMagnetic hyperthermia10aMagnetic nanoparticles1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aJadhav, Anil, D.1 aVerma, Seema1 aKoppikar, Soumya, J.1 aKaul-Ghanekar, Ruchika1 aDhole, Sanjay, D.1 aOgale, Satishchandra, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-biocompatible-nico2o4-nanoparticles-applications-hyperthermia-and-drug-002029nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260007300237300001000310490000700320520120200327653001901529653001301548653001801561653002701579653003301606100002101639700002001660856013101680 2012 eng d a0141-813000aGlycolic acid-g-chitosan-Pt-Fe3O4 nanoparticles nanohybrid scaffold for tissue engineering and drug delivery0 aGlycolic acidgchitosanPtFe3O4 nanoparticles nanohybrid scaffold  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL a76-820 v513 a

This work presents the potential use of novel nanohybrid based on chitosan-g-glycolic acid and Pt-Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The Pt-Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles are prepared by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6 center dot 6H(2)O at high temperature. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and physical property measurement system (PPMS). Next step of this paper reveals the potential use of novel hybrids of chitosan-g-glycolic acid and Pt-Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles in controlled drug delivery applications. The drug loaded nanohybrid scaffold is prepared by freeze drying of grafted polymer solution. Drug loading and grafting of chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cell proliferation also shows that the prepared nanohybrids are biocompatible. The nanohybrid was found to be stable regardless of pH of the medium. Therefore, Pt-Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles are viable additive for sustained drug delivery and it could be applied in the field of biomedical. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCell viability10aChitosan10adrug delivery10aGlycolic acid grafting10aPt-Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticle1 aKumari, Sangeeta1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/glycolic-acid-g-chitosan-pt-fe3o4-nanoparticles-nanohybrid-scaffold-tissue-engineering-and-001861nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260007700230300001600307490000700323520092000330653001701250653001601267653001801283653002901301653001701330100001701347700001901364700001801383700002101401700002201422700002001444856013101464 2014 eng d a0947-653900aMechanical downsizing of a gadolinium(iii)-based metal-organic framework for anticancer drug delivery0 aMechanical downsizing of a gadoliniumiiibased metalorganic frame aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcAUG a10514-105180 v203 a

A Gd-III-based porous metal-organic framework (MOF), Gd-pDBI, has been synthesized using fluorescent linker pDBI (pDBI=(1,4-bis(5-carboxy-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)benzene)), resulting in a three-dimensional interpenetrated structure with a one-dimensional open channel (1.9x1.2nm) filled with hydrogen-bonded water assemblies. Gd-pDBI exhibits high thermal stability, porosity, excellent water stability, along with organic-solvent and mild acid and base stability with retention of crystallinity. Gd-pDBI was transformed to the nanoscale regime (ca. 140nm) by mechanical grinding to yield MG-Gd-pDBI with excellent water dispersibility (>90min), maintaining its porosity and crystallinity. In vitro and in vivo studies on MG-Gd-pDBI revealed its low blood toxicity and highest drug loading (12wt%) of anticancer drug doxorubicin in MOFs reported to date with pH-responsive cancer-cell-specific drug release.

10aball-milling10adoxorubicin10adrug delivery10ametal-organic frameworks10ananocarriers1 aKundu, Tanay1 aMitra, Shouvik1 aPatra, Prasun1 aGoswami, Arunava1 aDiaz, David, Diaz1 aBanerjee, Rahul uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/mechanical-downsizing-gadoliniumiii-based-metal-organic-framework-anticancer-drug-delivery-002088nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001200247490000800259520111300267653001401380653001801394653002001412653003401432653004901466653001301515653001701528100001801545700001901563700002201582700001701604700002201621700002501643856013001668 2018 eng d a0144-861700aElectrospinning of non-ionic cellulose ethers/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers: characterization and applications0 aElectrospinning of nonionic cellulose etherspolyvinyl alcohol na cFEB  a175-1820 v1813 a

The morphology of spin-coated films and electrospun fibers of ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose (EHEC), hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HM-EHEC) and their blends with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was examined by AFM, SEM and contact angle measurements. These polysaccharides upon blending with PVA exhibited smooth surface which was evidenced by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observation. The electrospinnability of above polysaccharides with PVA was demonstrated for the first time. The oriented fibers could be obtained using a rotating disc collector. Contact angles of spin-coated films and electrospun fibers were discussed in terms of hydrophobicity and wetting characteristics. Further, The nanofibers of EHEC/PVA were in-situ crosslinked using citric acid and were used for controlled release of an antibacterial drug, Chlorhexidine Digluconate (ChD). In-vitro studies of cytotoxicity, cell growth and cell proliferation were performed using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. These nanofiber mats show potential in drug delivery and as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.

10acellulose10adrug delivery10aelectrospinning10aEthyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose10aHydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxy ethyl10ascaffold10aSpin coating1 aWali, Ashwini1 aZhang, Yucheng1 aSengupta, Poulomi1 aHigaki, Yuji1 aTakahara, Atsushi1 aBadiger, Manohar, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/electrospinning-non-ionic-cellulose-etherspolyvinyl-alcohol-nanofibers-characterization-and02320nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005800114260000800172300001400180490000800194520161100202653001801813653001801831653001801849653001301867653002501880653002001905100002001925700002101945700002001966856009201986 2019 eng d a1364-507200aPolylactic acid: synthesis and biomedical applications0 aPolylactic acid synthesis and biomedical applications cDEC a1612-16260 v1273 a

Social and economic development has driven considerable scientific and engineering efforts on the discovery, development and utilization of polymers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers as it can be produced from nontoxic renewable feedstock. PLA has emerged as an important polymeric material for biomedical applications on account of its properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength and process ability. Lactic acid (LA) can be obtained by fermentation of sugars derived from renewable resources such as corn and sugarcane. PLA is thus an eco-friendly nontoxic polymer with features that permit use in the human body. Although PLA has a wide spectrum of applications, there are certain limitations such as slow degradation rate, hydrophobicity and low impact toughness associated with its use. Blending PLA with other polymers offers convenient options to improve associated properties or to generate novel PLA polymers/blends for target applications. A variety of PLA blends have been explored for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures and tissue engineering. PLA and their copolymers are becoming widely used in tissue engineering for function restoration of impaired tissues due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The relationship between PLA material properties, manufacturing processes and development of products with desirable characteristics is described in this article. LA production, PLA synthesis and their applications in the biomedical field are also discussed.

10aBiocompatible10abiodegradable10adrug delivery10aimplants10al- and d-lactic acid10apolylactic acid1 aSinghvi, M., S.1 aZinjarde, S., S.1 aGokhale, D., V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/polylactic-acid-synthesis-and-biomedical-applications02222nas a2200241 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260000800270300001100278490000800289520133700297653002101634653002301655653001801678653001601696653001701712653002301729100002901752700002601781700002601807700002601833856012101859 2023 eng d00aPermeable polymersomes from temperature and pH dual stimuli-responsive PVCL-b-PLL block copolymers for enhanced cell internalization and lysosome targeting0 aPermeable polymersomes from temperature and pH dual stimulirespo cAUG a2134540 v1513 a

A series of dual stimuli-responsive block copolymers comprising temperature-responsive poly(N-vinyl-caprolactam) (PVCL) and biodegradable pH-responsive poly(L-lysine) (PLL) of varying chain length were syn-thesized by a combination of free radical polymerization and ring opening polymerization. The block copolymers formed micelles and vesicles (polymersomes) in response to temperature and pH, respectively, in aqueous so-lution. The nanoassemblies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Encapsulation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes in the polymersomes was shown. Doxo-rubicin (DOX) was loaded in the polymersomes and its controlled release in response to the two stimuli, inde-pendently and jointly, was studied. The drug was found to be released due to stimuli-induced increased permeability without disassembly of the polymersomes. A significant increase in the cellular uptake of the drug-loaded polymersomes at hyperthermia conditions was demonstrated at 41 degrees C and release of the drug upon localization in lysosomes was observed. Cellular internalization pathway of the polymersomes was investigated by competitive inhibition assay and a combination of endocytic pathways dominated by caveolae-mediated mechanism was found to be operative.

10ablock copolymers10aControlled release10adrug delivery10aendocytosis10aPolymersomes10aStimuli-responsive1 aSurapaneni, Sai, Geetika1 aChoudhari, Shakeb, N.1 aAvhad, Shankarrao, V.1 aAmbade, Ashootosh, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/permeable-polymersomes-temperature-and-ph-dual-stimuli-responsive-pvcl-b-pll-block01993nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260000800198300001000206490000700216520129700223653001601520653001801536653002001554653001401574653002301588100002901611700003401640856010101674 2023 eng d a1042-714700aReview on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applications0 aReview on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applica cJAN a44-630 v343 a

Electrospinning is a well-known technique since 1544 to fabricate nanofibers using different materials like polymers, metals oxides, proteins, and many more. In recent years, electrospinning has become the most popular technique for manufacturing nanofibers due to its ease of use and economic viability. Nanofibers have remarkable properties like high surface-to-volume ratio, variable pore size distribution (10-100 nm), high porosity, low density, and are suitable for surface functionalization. Therefore, electrospun nanofibers have been utilized for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field like tissue engineering, scaffolds, grafts, drug delivery, and so on. In this review article, we will be focusing on the versatility, current scenario, and future endeavors of electrospun nanofibers for various biomedical applications. This review discusses the properties of nanofibers, the background of the electrospinning technique, and its emergence in chronological order. It also covers the various types of electrospinning methods and their mechanism, further elaborating the factors affecting the properties of nanofibers, and applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, nanofibers as biosensor, skin cancer treatment, and magnetic nanofibers.

10abiomaterial10adrug delivery10aelectrospinning10aNanofiber10atissue engineering1 aPatel, Pratikshkumar, R.1 aGundloori, Rathna, Venkata Na uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-electrospun-nanofibers-multiple-biomedical-applications02105nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000900247490000600256520135300262653001901615653003501634653001801669653001401687653002101701100002101722700002701743856012901770 2023 eng d a2365-654900aUnderstanding critical aspects of liposomal synthesis for designing the next generation targeted drug delivery vehicle0 aUnderstanding critical aspects of liposomal synthesis for design cOCT 0 v83 a

We identified process parameters of the thin film hydration technique and intrinsic factors to synthesize liposomes for drug delivery. The thin film formation step impacted the nature of the lipid layer, and we optimized 240 RPM rotation speed, 700 mm of Hg vacuum pressure, and 2 ml of chloroform as the organic solvent. The hydration step controlled the particle specifications, and we optimized 270 RPM rotation speed, PBS as the hydrating medium, and 1 h hydration time. We obtained a comparatively smaller liposomal population with a lower size distribution just after hydrating the lipid layer that required milder downsizing steps -10 extrusion passes through a single polycarbonate membrane. The intrinsic factors including the concentrations and molar ratio of lipids affected the synthesis steps and the particle specifications. Characterization of liposomes by analytical techniques confirmed the synthesis of a monodisperse population with hydrodynamic diameter<150 nm, moderate stability, spherical morphology, and high thermal and storage stability. This comprehensive study defines the role of every parameter, provides a mechanistic insight into synthesis that is supported by experimental data, and helps tune specific parameters to synthesize liposomes for drug delivery or any application with desired specifications.

10acarrier system10adesigning and characterization10adrug delivery10aliposomes10atargeting moiety1 aMoudgil, Aliesha1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/understanding-critical-aspects-liposomal-synthesis-designing-next-generation-targeted-drug02240nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245018700055210006900242260000800311300001100319490000800330520134800338653001801686653001301704653001801717653001801735653002001753653003101773100002201804700002601826700002201852856012401874 2024 eng d a0014-305700aPhoto and pH dual stimuli-responsive block copolymer micelles with defined incorporation of o-nitrobenzyl units in poly(ε-caprolactone) ε-caprolactone) block for controlled release0 aPhoto and pH dual stimuliresponsive block copolymer micelles wit cNOV a1135010 v2203 a

A series of dual stimuli-responsive block copolymers with varying content of photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) ester group pendent in the hydrophobic poly(epsilon-caprolactone) block and pH-cleavable acetal linkage at the junction with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block is synthesized. The hydrophobic block is a random copolymer synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and ONB-substituted epsilon-caprolactone containing varying compositions of the two monomers. Kinetics of polymerization shows that ONBfunctionalized monomer has lower reactivity than that of the unsubstituted monomer. The series of block copolymers shows self-assembly into well-defined spherical micelles of average size of 150-200 nm in aqueous solution. Photocleavage of ONB groups is studied by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and its extent is determined. The two stimuli viz. . UV light and pH are used individually as well as simultaneously to study the controlled release of the encapsulated drug Camptothecin and the synergistic effect of the two stimuli is demonstrated. The effect of varying content of ONB groups is observed on drug release profile. MTT assay showed non-cytotoxic nature of the polymer. Cell uptake and photoinduced release of doxorubicin (DOX) from the micelles in MDAMB-231 cells is demonstrated.

10adrug delivery10amicelles10aO-nitrobenzyl10apH-responsive10aPhotoresponsive10aPoly(epsilon-caprolactone)1 aAvhad, Shankarrao1 aChoudhari, Shakeb, N.1 aAmbade, Ashootosh uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photo-and-ph-dual-stimuli-responsive-block-copolymer-micelles-defined-incorporation-o02273nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000800226300001100234490000700245520154100252653001801793653002401811653002101835653002101856100001701877700001601894700002001910856012501930 2025 eng d a1613-681000aA Molecular View of Lipid Nanoparticles: Insights into their Morphology and Structural Plasticity0 aMolecular View of Lipid Nanoparticles Insights into their Morpho cOCT ae054040 v213 a

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as versatile delivery vehicles for nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Despite their increasing importance, the molecular structure and physico-chemical characteristics of LNPs still remain unclear. In this review, the structural features and phase behavior of LNPs are highlighted. First, the various compositional elements, such as cationic lipids, helper lipids and sterols are discussed, illustrating their functional roles in the self-assembly and stability of LNPs. Molecular models derived from experimental and computational approaches are discussed to provide insights into the structural organization of the LNP components. The influence of sterols and helper lipids in modulating LNP architectures, including membrane fluidity and phase separation, which are key factors for both fusion potential and endosomal escape, is discussed. Variations in sterol content and headgroup chemistry can induce transitions from lamellar to non-lamellar structures, thereby influencing gene transfection outcomes. Further, how cationic lipids induce structural phase transitions, such as lamellar-to-hexagonal and inverse cubic rearrangements under physiological and acidic pH, mimicking extracellular and endosomal conditions, are described. These transitions play a pivotal role in ribonucleic acid (RNA) release and membrane fusion events. This comprehensive review allows to reconcile molecular and structural dynamics that would be necessary for rational design of RNA delivery systems.

10adrug delivery10alipid nanoparticles10aphase separation10avaccine delivery1 aPorte, Sudha1 aVadhana, V.1 aSengupta, Durba uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/molecular-view-lipid-nanoparticles-insights-their-morphology-and-structural-plasticity