02353nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260007200218300001200290490000600302520152700308653000901835653001701844653003001861653003001891653004101921100002901962700002101991856012302012 2011 eng d a2005-862400aHeat and mass transfer analysis in air gap membrane distillation process for desalination0 aHeat and mass transfer analysis in air gap membrane distillation aPO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREAbTECHNO-PRESScJUL a159-1730 v23 a

The air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) process was applied for water desalination. The main objective of the present work was to study the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the process. The experiments were performed on a flat sheet module using aqueous NaCl solutions as a feed. The membrane employed was hydrophobic PTFE of pore size 0.22 mu m. A mathematical model is proposed to evaluate the membrane mass transfer coefficient, thermal boundary layers' heat transfer coefficients, membrane/liquid interface temperatures and the temperature polarization coefficients. The mass transfer model was validated by the experimentally and fitted well with the combined Knudsen and molecular diffusion mechanism. The mass transfer coefficient increased with an increase in feed bulk temperature. The experimental parameters such as, feed temperature, 313 to 333 K, feed velocity, 0.8 to 1.8 m/s (turbulent flow region) were analyzed. The permeation fluxes increased with feed temperature and velocity. The effect of feed bulk temperature on the boundary layers' heat transfer coefficients was shown and fairly discussed. The temperature polarization coefficient increased with feed velocity and decreased with temperature. The values obtained were 0.56 to 0.82, indicating the effective heat transfer of the system. The fouling was observed during the 90 h experimental run in the application of natural ground water and seawater. The time dependent fouling resistance can be added in the total transport resistance.

10aAGMD10aDesalination10aheat transfer coefficient10amass transfer coefficient10atemperature polarization coefficient1 aPangarkar, Bhausaheb, L.1 aSane, Mukund, G. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/heat-and-mass-transfer-analysis-air-gap-membrane-distillation-process-desalination-002011nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260010600285300001200391490000800403520106200411653002701473653001701500653002201517653001701539653004301556100002301599700001901622700001901641856012101660 2014 eng d a0009-250900aUnusual behavior of propane as a co-guest during hydrate formation in silica sand: potential application to seawater desalination and carbon dioxide capture0 aUnusual behavior of propane as a coguest during hydrate formatio aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcSEP a342-3510 v1173 a

We report an unusual behavior of hydrate formation in silica sand with gas mixtures containing propane as a co-guest. Based on morphology study we observed that propane as a co-guest has the ability to draw water dispersed in silica sand to the hydrate formation region and showed a tendency to result in drastic hydrate growth due to the migration of water molecules to the gas phase region. Hydrate nucleation occurred in the interstitial pore space between the silica sand particles and hydrate growth occurred in the gas phase above the silica sand bed and to sustain the hydrate growth, dispersed water was drawn towards the hydrate growth front. In addition, we elucidated the effect of sand bed height to maximize the growth rates utilizing this behavior that results in enhanced kinetics. We propose conceptual designs for utilizing this behavior of propane as a co-guest in sand for seawater desalination and an innovative approach to simultaneously capture carbon dioxide and desalinate seawater. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aCarbon dioxide capture10aDesalination10aEnhanced kinetics10aGas hydrates10aPropane hydrate: pre-combusuon capture1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/unusual-behavior-propane-co-guest-during-hydrate-formation-silica-sand-potential-001932nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260000800197300001200205490000800217520116600225653001701391653002001408653001601428653002601444100002001470700002801490700002901518700002501547700001501572856010301587 2018 eng d a0038-092X00aCarbon fabric based solar steam generation for waste water treatment0 aCarbon fabric based solar steam generation for waste water treat cJAN a800-8100 v1593 a

Decontamination of waste water is one of the most practical techniques to tackle the worldwide clean water shortage. In recent times, solar steam based decontamination of contaminated water has been attested as a potential sustainable strategy to get clean water using renewable resources. Herein, we report the utilization of Carbon fabric and Titanium Nanorods on Carbon Fabric for solar steam based water purification techniques. The performance of Carbon Fabric was tested under different conditions and the results proved that Carbon Fabric has excellent light to heat conversion capabilities in both real and ideal conditions. Owing to the excellent performance of Carbon Fabric, it was used for purification of different types of contaminated water. About 99.9% of salt and 87% of organic contaminants were removed from saline water and organic waste water respectively, using a simple low cost carbon fabric based homemade prototype. We also present the application of Titanium Nanorods on carbon fabric for the efficient removal of dye molecules like Rhodamine B from contaminated water using solar driven interfacial steam generation mechanism.

10aDesalination10aDye degradation10aSolar steam10aWaste water treatment1 aHiggins, M., W.1 aRahmaan, Shakeel, A. R.1 aDevarapalli, Rami, Reddy1 aShelke, Manjusha, V.1 aJha, Neetu uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-fabric-based-solar-steam-generation-waste-water-treatment