02280nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260011000257300001400367490000700381520133800388653002501726653001501751653004201766653001701808100002301825700003001848700002601878700001801904856012801922 2014 eng d a0019-518900aAnti-fungal potentials of extracellular metabolites of western ghats isolated streptomyces sp NII 1006 against moulds and yeasts0 aAntifungal potentials of extracellular metabolites of western gh aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcNOV a1138-11460 v523 a

Realization of hazardious effects of chemical fungicides has led to an interest in the usage of biocontrol agents. The present study, therefore, evaluates the biocontrol efficacy of Western Ghats (India) soil bacterial isolates. A potential strain NII 1006 was evaluated for its antagonistic property against a diverse range of moulds and yeasts. The strain was characterized morphologically, biochemically and molecularly, which revealed the isolate belonged to Streptomyces genus. Organic solvent extracts of NII 1006 culture filtrates inhibited the growth of the test pathogens indicating that growth suppression was due to extracellular anti-fungal metabolites present in the culture filtrates. The strain produced extracellular chitinase enzyme in addition to some stable partially purified anti-fungal compounds. Morphological changes such as hyphae degradation into debris and abnormal shapes were observed in test fungi and yeast grown on potato dextrose broth that contained the NII 1006 culture filtrate. The cell free supernatant has a tolerance to wide range of pH, temperature and enzymes such as lipase and protease. The biocontrol potential of NII 1006 strain may be correlated significantly with their ability to produce antibiotics as well as extracellular hydrolytic enzymes particularly chitinolytic enzyme.

10aAnti-fungal activity10aBiocontrol10aExtracellular anti-fungal metabolites10aStreptomyces1 aJayamurthy, Himani1 aSajna, Kuttavan, Valappil1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aPandey, Ashok uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/anti-fungal-potentials-extracellular-metabolites-western-ghats-isolated-streptomyces-sp-002291nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000900271300001200280490000800292520149700300653001501797653001801812653002701830100002601857700002001883700002501903700002001928856012501948 2019 eng d a0141-813000aPotent chitin-hydrolyzing enzyme from Myrothecium verrucaria affects growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera and plant fungal pathogens0 aPotent chitinhydrolyzing enzyme from Myrothecium verrucaria affe cDEC  a517-5280 v1413 a

Chitin, a crucial structural and functional component of insects and fungi, serves as a target for pest management by utilizing novel chitinases. Here, we report the biocontrol potential of recombinant Myrothecium verrucaria endochitinase (rMvEChi) against insect pest and fungal pathogens. A complete ORF of MvEChi (1185 bp) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Structure based sequence alignment of MvEChi revealed the presence of conserved domains SXGG and DXXDXDXE specific for GH-18 family, involved in substrate binding and catalysis, respectively. rMvEChi (46.6 kDa) showed optimum pH and temperature as 7.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Furthermore, rMvEChi remained stable within the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0 and up to 40 degrees C. rMvEChi exhibited k(cat)/K-m values of 129.83 x 10(3) [(g/L)(-1) s(-1)] towards 4MU chitotrioside. Hydrolysis of chitooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (DP) using rMvEChi indicated the release of DP2 as main end product with order of reaction as DP6 > DP5 > DP4 > DP3. Bioassay of rMvEChi against Helicoverpa armigera displayed potent anti-feedant activity and induced mortality. In vitro antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi (Ustilago maydis and Bipolaris sorokiniana) exhibited significant inhibition of mycelium growth. These results suggest that MvEChi has significant potential in enzyme-based pest and pathogen management. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aBiocontrol10aendochitinase10aMyrothecium verrucaria1 aVidhate, Ravindra, P.1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aGaikwad, Sushama, M.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/potent-chitin-hydrolyzing-enzyme-myrothecium-verrucaria-affects-growth-and-development02401nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242300001200250490000700262520150500269653002001774653001501794653001401809653001901823653002501842653002901867653002601896653001601922653002701938100002101965700002601986856012302012 2019 eng d a0233-111X00aPuzzle of highly virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strains from Annona squamosa fields against Helicoverpa armigera0 aPuzzle of highly virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strains from An cAPR a392-4010 v593 a

In our search for indigenous virulent strains of the entomopathogenic fungi, we observed that Metarhizium isolates from soils associated with Annona squamosa (custard apple) have higher virulence (>90% mortality of Helicoverpa armigera larvae at 1/10(th) spore concentration) than strains isolated from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fields. Proteomic analysis revealed two insecticidal cyclopeptides of A. squamosa origin in the M. anisopliae strains that led to higher virulence against H. armigera. Transcriptomic and genomic data indicated that M. anisopliae strains and A. squamosa had more than 20 genes in common, including those for cyclic hexapeptide synthase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, and plant cyclotide genes, which are involved in the biosynthesis of insecticidal cyclopeptides. These genes were absent in M. anisopliae strains isolated from the S. lycopersicum fields. Further, these strains can establish an endophytic relationship with A. squamosa suggesting that these rhizospheric strains originally could be endophytes, which were eventually released into the soil. Further, Metarhizium strains associated with Capsicum annuum (chili), Azadirachta indica (neem), and Carica papaya (papaya) - plants with insecticidal properties - also had higher virulence against H. armigera. Thus exploration of rhizospheres of plants producing insecticidal metabolites to isolate entomopathogenic fungi, per se, could be a viable strategy in agricultural for crop protection.

10aAnnona squamosa10aBiocontrol10aendophyte10aentomopathogen10aHelicoverpa armigera10ahorizontal gene transfer10ainsecticidal peptides10aMetarhizium10anatural transformation1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/puzzle-highly-virulent-metarhizium-anisopliae-strains-annona-squamosa-fields-against01934nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260000800213300001000221490000700231520111400238653001501352653001501367653002101382653002701403653002301430653001701453100002601470700002301496700002401519700002001543856011701563 2023 eng d a0095-362800aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involvement in pathogenesis0 aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involve cJAN a49-600 v853 a

Entomopathogenic fungi offer an effective and eco-friendly alternative to curb insect populations in biocontrol strategy. The evolutionary history of selected entomopathogenic fungi indicates their ancestral relationship with plant endophytes. During this host shifting, entomopathogenic fungi must have acquired multiple mechanisms, including a combination of various biomolecules that make them distinguishable from other fungi. In this review, we focus on understanding various biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in entomopathogenesis. In particular, we attempt to explain the indispensable role of enlarged gene families of various virulent factors, viz. chitinases, proteases, lipases, specialized metabolites, and cytochrome P450, in entomopathogenesis. Our analysis suggests that entomopathogenic fungi recruit a different set of gene products during the progression of pathogenesis. Knowledge of these bio-molecular interactions between fungi and insect hosts will allow researchers to execute pointed efforts towards the development of improved entomopathogenic fungal strains.

10aBiocontrol10aChitinases10aEndophytic fungi10aEntomopathogenic fungi10aHydrolytic enzymes10aInsect pests1 aVidhate, Ravindra, P.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aPunekar, Sachin, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/genomic-determinants-entomopathogenic-fungi-and-their-involvement-pathogenesis