01884nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260008700265300001400352490000700366520086300373653003001236653002201266653001901288653001701307100001701324700002201341700002101363700002001384700002101404700001901425700001901444700001801463856012501481 2006 eng d a0011-389100aGenetic diversity analysis in Gaultheria fragrantissima wall. (Ericaceae) from the two biodiversity hotspots in India using ISSR markers0 aGenetic diversity analysis in Gaultheria fragrantissima wall Eri aC V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbCURRENT SCIENCE ASSNcDEC a1634-16400 v913 a

Our study involves Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers to analyse genetic diversity of an undershrub, Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (Ericaceae) from two plant diversity hotspots in India, namely Western Ghats and Northeastern Himalayas. The plants from these two regions show no morphological differences but the total heterozygosity (H-T = 0.505) is high. Furthermore, the average heterozygosity of G. fragrantissima at WG (H-s = 0.433) is higher than that at NE region (H-s, = 0.231). Within population variance is higher (15.56 %) than among population variance (8.31 %) as seen in outcrossing plant species. Mantel's test shows a strong positive correlation between the genetic and geographic distances. The plants within WG show high gene flow, which may be enough to prevent genetic drift, however, the gene flow in NE population is very low.

10aGaultheria fragrantissima10aGenetic diversity10aheterozygosity10aISSR markers1 aApte, G., S.1 aBahulikar, R., A.1 aKulkarni, R., S.1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aKulkarni, B., G.1 aSuresh, H., S.1 aRao, P., S. N.1 aGupta, V., S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-diversity-analysis-gaultheria-fragrantissima-wall-ericaceae-two-biodiversity-002530nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260008100217300001200298490000700310520153700317653002201854653001701876653002201893653002601915653003301941653002401974100002101998700002402019700002402043700002302067700001802090700002102108856012302129 2007 eng d a0268-914600aMitochondrial haplotypes reveal a strong genetic structure for three Indian sheep breeds0 aMitochondrial haplotypes reveal a strong genetic structure for t a9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLANDbBLACKWELL PUBLISHINGcOCT a460-4660 v383 a

This survey represents the first characterization of mitochondrial DNA diversity within three breeds of Indian sheep (two strains of the Deccani breed, as well as the Bannur and Garole breeds) from different geographic regions and with divergent phenotypic characteristics. A 1061-bp fragment of the mitochondrial genome spanning the control region, a portion of the 12S rRNA gene and the complete phenyl tRNA gene, was sequenced from 73 animals and compared with the corresponding published sequence from European and Asian breeds and the European Mouflon (Ovis musimon). Analysis of all 156 sequences revealed 73 haplotypes, 52 of which belonged to the Indian breeds. The three Indian breeds had no haplotypes in common, but one Indian haplotype was shared with European and other Asian breeds. The highest nucleotide and haplotype diversity was observed in the Bannur breed (0.00355 and 0.981 respectively), while the minimum was in the Sangamneri strain of the Deccani breed (0.00167 and 0.882 respectively). All 52 Indian haplotypes belonged to mitochondrial lineage A. Therefore, these Indian sheep are distinct from other Asian and European breeds studied so far. The relationships among the haplotypes showed strong breed structure and almost no introgression among these Indian breeds, consistent with Indian sheep husbandry, which discourages genetic exchange between breeds. These results have implications for the conservation of India's ovine biodiversity and suggest a common origin for the breeds investigated.

10aGenetic diversity10aIndian sheep10amitochondrial DNA10amitochondrial lineage10aphylogeographic distribution10asheep domestication1 aPardeshi, V., C.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aMeadows, J., R. S.1 aKijas, J., W.1 aGupta, Vidya, S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/mitochondrial-haplotypes-reveal-strong-genetic-structure-three-indian-sheep-breeds-002251nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260008000241300001000321490000600331520145900337653002301796653002201819653001901841100001601860700002001876700002101896856012801917 2010 eng d a1614-294200aPhylogeographical studies in disjunct populations of symplocos laurina wall. using cytoplasmic PCR-RFLP approach0 aPhylogeographical studies in disjunct populations of symplocos l aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcDEC a13-230 v63 a

Genetic variation, haplotype relationships, and potential regions of diversity in Symplocos laurina Wall. (Symplocaceae), a montane tree species from India, have been tested using molecular and biogeographical data to infer phylogeographic patterns. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine the chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes of 218 individuals from 12 populations, collected from Northeast India (NEI), which is a part of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, and South India, which includes the Western Ghats (WG), another biodiversity hotspot from India and Eastern Ghats (EG). Nine cpDNA (chlorotypes) and 24 mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) were identified; the WG region was identified as the most diverse for chlorotypes and the NEI region for mitotypes. Although a strong population differentiation was observed, phylogeographic structure was found to be absent for both the genomes. The haplotype network revealed the presence of two main lineages: NEI-WG lineage and EG lineage, largely without overlapping distributions. The study tests two hypotheses, namely vicariance and dispersal, to understand the distribution of plants in India. The population structure of S. laurina strongly suggests the persistence of the species in putative refugial areas preglaciation and further establishment of other populations of S. laurina from these refugial populations.

10aCytoplasmic genome10aGenetic diversity10aPhylogeography1 aBanu, Sofia1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aGupta, Vidya, S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/phylogeographical-studies-disjunct-populations-symplocos-laurina-wall-using-cytoplasmic-001927nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260007400230300001200304490000800316520107400324653000901398653002201407653001501429653001301444100001601457700002401473700002401497700002001521700001801541856012601559 2010 eng d a0016-670700aUnderstanding the genetic structure of symplocos laurina wall. populations using nuclear gene markers0 aUnderstanding the genetic structure of symplocos laurina wall po aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcFEB a197-2100 v1383 a

To characterize the genetic diversity of present populations of Symplocos laurina, which grow in the montane forests in India, we analyzed the DNA sequences of a nuclear gene. Using the 881 bp sequence of cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, we detected 24 haplotypes among 195 individuals sampled from 14 populations. Two dominant haplotypes were distributed over the entire range of this species in India and several private haplotypes were found. Low genetic diversity within population, high differentiation, number of population specific haplotypes and deviation from neutral evolution characterized the present populations of S. laurina. An analysis of molecular variance indicated the presence of geographic structure within the haplotype distribution. The occurrence of S. laurina preglaciation in India is the most parsimonious explanation for the current geographic structure observed. The populations are presumably ancient and might have spread across its extant distribution range in India through a recent range expansion event.

10aGapC10aGenetic diversity10aGlaciation10aRefugium1 aBanu, Sofia1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aGupta, V., S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/understanding-genetic-structure-symplocos-laurina-wall-populations-using-nuclear-gene-002453nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007400229300001400303490000800317520151000325653002601835653002201861653000901883653001601892653002201908100002401930700001601954700002601970700002401996700002002020700002102040856012602061 2014 eng d a0378-269700aEvaluation of genetic variability in Symplocos laurina Wall. from two biodiversity hotspots of India0 aEvaluation of genetic variability in Symplocos laurina Wall from aSACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIAbSPRINGER WIENcDEC a2239-22470 v3003 a

Symplocos laurina Wall., an important medicinal tree species, is one of the pioneering plants for establishment of shola forest ecosystem. We analyzed 208 accessions of S. laurina from 13 populations belonging to three ecoregions in India namely, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Northeast India, to comment on the genetic diversity and population structure of the species. Of the 100 inter simple sequence repeat primers screened, eight were selected based on their clear and reproducible polymorphic patterns. These eight ISSR primers produced on an average 1,014 bands from 208 accessions, of which 6.58 % were rare bands, 55.96 % were shared bands and 37.46 % were similar bands. The primers, UBC835 and UBC880, amplified the highest number of polymorphic loci (16), while the primer UBC852 amplified the least number of amplicons (9). The values for total genetic diversity (H-T) and the average heterozygosity (H-S) were 0.3407 and 0.2263, respectively; while the coefficient of genetic differentiation (G(ST)) was 0.3358. Within-population variance was higher (68 %) than among-population variance (17 %), indicating high intra-population genetic diversity. These populations were grouped according to their geographical location in cluster analysis. Mantel test also showed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The present study revealed the importance of the Palghat gap in South India in shaping the distribution of genetic diversity in S. laurina.

10aBiodiversity hotspots10aGenetic diversity10aISSR10aPalghat gap10aSymplocos laurina1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aBanu, Sofia1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aGupta, Vidya, S. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/evaluation-genetic-variability-symplocos-laurina-wall-two-biodiversity-hotspots-india-002838nas a2200325 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260000800258490000700266520174000273653001002013653002202023653001902045653002602064653001402090653002202104653002202126653002702148653001202175653001402187653000802201653001002209653004502219653002702264100002802291700001902319700001902338700002602357856012902383 2017 eng d00aGenetic variability in Indian populations of banana corm weevil [Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] assessed by RAPDs and AFLPs0 aGenetic variability in Indian populations of banana corm weevil  cSEP0 v373 a

Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), commonly known as banana corm weevil, is an important economic pest in Asia that can cause severe yield loss depending upon the stage at which infestation occurs. In spite of its economic importance, little is known about the population structure of this pest in India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to characterize the population genetic structure of C. sordidus collected from five hot spot locations in India. Nineteen RAPD primers and five selective AFLP primer combinations generated 147 and 304 amplification products, respectively. UPGMA dendrograms generated with both marker systems failed to reveal populations clustered based on geographic distance, which was confirmed by the Mantel test, which did not show a strong correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Values of indices of genetic identity showed that the populations were closely related. Though the gene flow estimate (Nm) between the populations was 0.469, suggesting restricted gene flow, the populations are not genetically distinct. These observations suggest that the range expansion of this banana pest in India has taken place through transport of infested corms and plant material, resulting in genetically close populations that are geographically distinct. These results provide important information on the population structure of this pest in India, which will aid in designing suitable strategies for its control and management, especially with respect to insecticide resistance.

10aAflps10aArbitrary Primers10aBemisia-tabaci10aCosmopolites Sordidus10adiversity10aGenetic diversity10aGermar Coleoptera10ainsecticide resistance10aMarkers10aMusa Spp.10aPcr10aRapds10aRestricted Gene Flow Natural-populations10aScirpophaga-incertulas1 aYadav, Sweta, Kumari U.1 aSingh, Jyotsna1 aPadmanaban, B.1 aKumar, Lalitha, Sunil uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-variability-indian-populations-banana-corm-weevil-cosmopolites-sordidus-coleoptera02275nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000800238300000800246490000700254520148700261653001901748653002201767653002401789653003301813653001101846100001901857700002001876700002101896856012801917 2020 eng d a2190-572X00aCharacterization of multidrug resistance in Vibriospecies isolated from marine invertebrates from Andaman Sea0 aCharacterization of multidrug resistance in Vibriospecies isolat cSEP a4560 v103 a

This study describes the abundance of multidrug-resistantVibriosassociated with marine invertebrate hosts from the Andaman Sea, India. Thirty-eightVibriostrains were isolated from surface mucus layers of coralPorites,Goniastrea, Pocillopora, Fungia, and eggs of spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus). Phenotypically, the majority of strains exhibited growth at a wide range of temperatures, salt tolerance, and diverse nutritional requirements. All the strains had more than 97% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with type species of the genusVibriowhereVibrio fortis, andVibrio alginolyticuswere predominant. Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) using eight housekeeping genes namelyftsZ,gapA,gyrB,mreB,pyrH,recA,rpoA,andtopAdistributed the strains into 6 reported clades i.e.,Harveyi, Ponticus, Nereis, Orientalis, Splendidus,andMediterraneiwhere nearly half of the total strains represented the cladeHarveyi, followed by the cladeSplendidus.Likewise, the PFGE profile indicated genomic heterogeneity among the strains resulting in their distribution in five major clusters. Resistance to different antimicrobials was tested following the disc diffusion method where all strains were found susceptible to chloramphenicol (30 mu g) and resistant to streptomycin (10 mu g), vancomycin (30 mu g), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (25 mu g). Moreover, the resistant phenotype to other antimicrobials confirmed the abundance of multidrug resistance strains in this marine environment.

10aDrug-resistant10aGenetic diversity10amarine invertebrate10aMultilocus sequence analysis10aVibrio1 aKumari, Prabla1 aPoddar, Abhijit1 aDas, Subrata, K. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-multidrug-resistance-vibriospecies-isolated-marine-invertebrates-andaman02640nas a2200289 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260000800261300001100269490000700280520161900287653001501906653002201921653002101943653002501964653002801989653001802017100002402035700002702059700002202086700002102108700002402129700002302153700002402176700002302200856012702223 2022 eng d00aDiversity assessment of Gloriosa superba accessions from Western Ghats of India based on morphological traits, ISSR markers and metabolite content0 aDiversity assessment of Gloriosa superba accessions from Western cSEP a1003880 v303 a

Gloriosa superba L. (glory lily) is a medicinally and horticulturally important plant used as a commercial source of the alkaloid colchicine. The Western Ghats in India is mostly unexplored for the morphological, genetic, and metabolite diversity of the species. In the current study, three methodologies were employed to assess the diversity among 50 established accessions of G. superba collected from several locations in the Western Ghats. The morphological analysis revealed that, among the studied traits, seed yield per vine and dry seed weight per 100 seeds for the established accessions were the most diverse traits. The former exhibited a significantly positive correlation with four vegetative and five yield traits. The first three principal components showed nine traits contributing to the variation. Intra-specific molecular variation based on inter simple sequence repeat markers distributed the accessions in three clusters with high polymorphism and low genetic diversity indices. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant variation among the screened accessions for colchicine content in tuber and seed tissue. Interestingly, an unexplored tissue, pod shell, was found to contain significantly high colchicine, which could be explored for commercial colchicine extraction. The morphogenetic and metabolite variation revealed by the study would be useful to develop elite varieties to expand the cultivation of glory lily across the country, fulfilling the increasing demand for colchicine and providing remunerative income to the farmers.

10aColchicine10aGenetic diversity10aGloriosa superba10aMetabolite diversity10aMorphological diversity10aWestern Ghats1 aMahajan, Yogesh, A.1 aShinde, Balkrishna, A.1 aMulani, Fayaj, A.1 aGade, Akshay, B.1 aKasodekar, Amol, K.1 aThulasiram, H., V.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aNikam, Tukaram, D. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/diversity-assessment-gloriosa-superba-accessions-western-ghats-india-based-morphological02421nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001100244490000800255520141300263653002501676653001501701653002201716653001501738653002701753653002101780100002401801700002701825700002401852700002001876700002701896700002401923700002401947700002301971856012501994 2024 eng d a0926-669000aUnlocking the genetic and biotechnological potential of Gloriosa superba to enhance its alkaloid production0 aUnlocking the genetic and biotechnological potential of Gloriosa cMAY a1181440 v2113 a

Gloriosa superba is a medicinally important plant that produces the pharmaceutically precious colchicine molecule. Colchicine is being used for treating gout, for enhancing the production of interleukin-8 (inhibits human pancreatic cancer) and many other human ailments. Since its seeds and rhizomes (tuberous roots) are the chief sources of colchicine, pharmaceutical industries exploit the natural sources, thus demolishing its habitat. Chemo- and genetic diversity among the G. superba populations exist, but has not been exploited profitably. Scope exists for generating mutants using the chemical mutagens and also via breeding methods to generate superior varieties for commercial cultivation. Innovative methods for breaking seed dormancy and superior colchicine extraction, besides biotechnological interventions are imperative to save the biodiversity and to produce colchicine on a large scale. Biorhizomes produced in vitro hold great promise for biomanufacturing colchicine in bioreactors commercially. Since the biosynthetic pathway of colchicine is now known, isolation of the pathway genes and their heterologous overexpression or the application of synthetic biology methods needs to be explored in future for industrial manufacturing of colchicine. Advances made in the recent past in these fields of colchicine production from G. superba are critically evaluated in this review.

10aBiosynthetic pathway10aColchicine10aGenetic diversity10aGlory lily10aMetabolite elicitation10aOmics approaches1 aMahajan, Yogesh, A.1 aShinde, Balkrishna, A.1 aShirke, Harshad, A.1 aGandra, Jawahar1 aSuravajhala, Prashanth1 aKishor, P., B. Kavi1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aNikam, Tukaram, D. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/unlocking-genetic-and-biotechnological-potential-gloriosa-superba-enhance-its-alkaloid