02289nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260000800250300001100258490000700269520141500276653002201691653001801713653001701731653004501748653003301793100002501826700002601851700002101877700002101898856012801919       2022                        eng d  a2212-982000aReduction of carbon dioxide to dimethylformamide using ruthenium doped Mg/Al hydrotalcites under supercritical conditions0 aReduction of carbon dioxide to dimethylformamide using ruthenium  cJUL  a1020550 v613 a<p>
	The utilization of carbon dioxide is one of the developing areas due to its significant contribution to global warming. Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) to formic acid and its derivatives has gained importance because of its thermodynamic limitations and high industrial demand. In this article, we report the synthesis of dime-thylformamide (DMF) using ruthenium doped Mg/Al calcined hydrotalcite by CO2 hydrogenation in the presence of dimethylamine (DMA). At optimized conditions, complete conversion of dimethylamine was achieved with more than 92% product yield at 170 degrees C and 13 MPa pressure with a reaction time of 6 h. Key catalyst properties were determined using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO2-temper-ature programmed desorption (TPD), H-2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The determination of surface morphology was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). At the same time, the chemical composition was verified by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS). In addition, kinetic modeling is performed using the two site Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson model. The regressed kinetic parameters gave an appropriate fit with experimental concentration values and activation energy is calculated as 413 kJ/mol K-1.</p>
10aDimethylformamide10aHydrogenation10ahydrotalcite10aLangmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson model10aSupercritical carbon dioxide1 aChaudhary, Sagar, D.1 aRahatade, Shardul, S.1 aJoshi, Sunil, S.1 aMali, Nilesh, A.  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/reduction-carbon-dioxide-dimethylformamide-using-ruthenium-doped-mgal-hydrotalcites-under02177nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260000800289300001200297490000700309520127200316653002101588653001401609653001801623653001701641653002301658653002501681100002001706700002101726700002501747700002101772856013001793       2025                        eng d  a1066-852700aA detailed study on heat of reaction and heat rate determination of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline reaction using power compensation reaction calorimeter0 adetailed study on heat of reaction and heat rate determination o  cMAR  a132-1410 v443 a<p>The present study reports experimental heat of reaction and heat rate data of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline reaction with process parameter variation. A high-pressure isothermal power compensation reaction calorimeter was used for this work. A systematic and step-by-step procedure is also reported to determine the heat of reaction and heat rate for a highly exothermic reaction. The sensitivity of experimental molar heat of reaction (kJ/mol) and evolved heat rate (W) values for nitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction was analyzed for various important process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, substrate quantity, solvent quantity, catalyst quantity, RPM, and hydrogen feed rate. Nitrobenzene hydrogenation reactions were conducted using ethanol as solvent and 5% Pd/C as a catalyst with 55-65 degrees C temperature and 7-9 Bar absolute pressure range. More than 99.99% conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline was obtained, and no other by-products were found. The average experimental nitrobenzene hydrogenation heat of reaction of 21 different experiments was found to be -581.87 kJ/mol, and the maximum heat rate during the nitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction was found to be 16.16 W for experiments using 10 gm of nitrobenzene in solvent.</p>
10aheat of reaction10aheat rate10aHydrogenation10anitrobenzene10apower compensation10areaction calorimeter1 aKumar, Rajendra1 aMane, Pradip, R.1 aShingote, Savita, K.1 aMali, Nilesh, A.  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/detailed-study-heat-reaction-and-heat-rate-determination-nitrobenzene-hydrogenation-aniline