01507nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260007300234300001000307490000700317520070700324653003301031653000801064653001901072653001401091653002301105100001501128700002201143856012401165 2011 eng d a1003-995300aEsterification of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay0 aEsterification of levulinic acid to nbutyl levulinate over heter aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN a18-240 v203 a

Levulinic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass-derived platform chemical. n-Butyl levulinate is used as an important intermediate having diverse applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol using heteropolyacid (HPA) supported on acid-treated clay montmorillonite (K10). 20% (w/w) dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K10 was found to be the most efficient catalyst with 97% levulinic acid conversion and 100% selectivity towards n-butyl levulinate. Effects of various process parameters were studied to examine the efficacy of 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 for optimization of the activity.

10adodectungestophosphoric acid10aK1010alevulinic acid10an-butanol10an-Butyl levulinate1 aDharne, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-levulinic-acid-n-butyl-levulinate-over-heteropolyacid-supported-acid-001623nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260007300237300001200310490000700322520073500329653001901064653002101083653001801104653001701122653003201139100001801171700002201189700002201211700001801233856013001251 2014 eng d a1566-736700aEsterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate over bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives0 aEsterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate over bimoda aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN a188-1910 v433 a

A series of bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives were prepared by the post-synthesis modification of H/BEA zeolite by NaOH (0.05 M-1.2 M) treatment Samples were characterized by powder XRD, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and ICP. The mesopore formation was found to play a crucial role in liquid phase esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. The enhanced catalytic activity of a bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivative (H/BEA(0.10)) prepared by treatment with 0.1M NaOH can be mainly attributed to the high mesoporosity coupled with better preserved crystallinity and acidic properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10aH/BEA zeolite10aMesoporosity10aPost-synthesis modification1 aPatil, C., R.1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, P., N. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-over-bimodal-micro-mesoporous-hbea-zeolite-002417nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260006700261300001400328490000700342520151900349653002401868653001901892653002101911653001901932100002901951700002801980700002602008700002202034856013102056 2014 eng d a0268-257500aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel catalyzed by highly active and reusable desilicated H-ZSM-50 aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate b a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcOCT a1507-15150 v893 a

BACKGROUNDIn the near future, fossil fuel will have limitations in terms of availability and also great concerns over its environmental impact. New routes and related technologies based on renewable feedstocks can overcome most of these problems associated with fossil fuel. Among current biodiesel sources, ethyl levulinate (EL) biodiesel obtained from catalytic esterification of renewable levulinic acid (LA) with ethanol has received a great deal of attention. The use of desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) as heterogeneous acid catalyst for EL biodiesel production in a closed system (under autogeneous pressure) was studied. RESULTSThe effect of reaction parameters such as ethanol to LA molar ratio (4:1 to 10:1), catalyst to LA ratio (0.10-0.25), speed of agitation (100-400rpm), particle size (53-355 mu m), reaction temperature (363-403K) and reaction time (7h) was investigated to maximize LA conversion. CONCLUSIONLevulinic acid conversion reached 95% over DH-ZSM-5 and the catalyst was reusable for up to six cycles. This LA conversion and the catalyst reusability values are higher than others reported in the literature. A pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model indicated that reaction rate constants increased with increasing molar ratio, catalyst to LA ratio and reaction temperature. The activation energy decreased from 73.14 to 21.08 kJ mol(-1) when increasing the catalyst to LA ratio from 0.10 to 0.25, which implies a kinetically controlled reaction. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

10adesilicated H-ZSM-510aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10alevulinic acid1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-biodiesel-catalyzed-highly-active-002297nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260006700255300001200322490000700334520145300341653001301794653001901807653001801826653001901844653001401863653001001877100002901887700002201916856012901938 2015 eng d a1944-744200aEnvironmentally benign catalytic process for esterification of renewable levulinic acid to various alkyl levulinates biodiesel0 aEnvironmentally benign catalytic process for esterification of r a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcSEP a795-8010 v343 a

This study explores, the use of modified zeolite (Micro/Meso-HZ-5) obtained by desilication post-treatment as heterogeneous catalyst for esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with different alkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol aiming to produce corresponding alkyl levulinate. This method of production of alkyl levulinates would be sustainable process, as it can be used as novel miscible diesel biofuels preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. The LA conversion obtained over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 was higher than H-ZSM-5, which is due to the combined effect of increase in Bronsted acid sites, total acidity, and other properties such as BET surface area and the generation of mesoporosity. The maximum LA conversion of 91, 95, 96, and 98% with 100% selectivity toward alkyl levulinate was obtained, when LA was being esterified over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol, respectively, at optimal process parameters. Micro/Meso-HZ-5 catalyst was found to be reusable for six cycles. Furthermore, pseudo homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model of the esterification of LA with the studied four alcohols were established with R-2>0.99, using the experimental data. A P-H kinetic model implies that, the esterification reaction follows second order reversible kinetics. (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 795-801, 2015

10abiofuels10aEsterification10akinetic model10alevulinic acid10ameso-HZ-510amicro1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/environmentally-benign-catalytic-process-esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-various-001733nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260007700215300001200292490000700304520093300311653001901244653001801263653001901281653002001300653002301320100002901343700002201372856012101394 2015 eng d a0930-751600aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over modified H-ZSM-50 aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to nbutyl levulinate  aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcFEB a246-2520 v383 a

The synthesis of n-butyl levulinate, one of the most important biodiesel additives, by catalytic esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) with n-butanol over modified H-ZSM-5 (micro/meso-HZ-5) in a closed-batch system is reported for the first time. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the reactant molar ratio, the catalyst loading, the reaction time and the temperature was performed in view to maximize the yield of n-butyl levulinate. Micro/meso-HZ-5 was found to be the most efficient catalyst, with 98% yield of n-butyl levulinate and a reusability for six cycles, which is higher than reported in the literature. A possible catalytic mechanism for the esterification reaction is also proposed. A second-order pseudo-homogeneous model with R-2 > 0.97 confirmed that the esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to the high activation energy of 23.84 kJ mol(-1).

10aEsterification10akinetic model10alevulinic acid10aMicro/meso-HZ-510an-Butyl levulinate1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-n-butyl-levulinate-over-modified-h-zsm-5-002432nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300000800276490000600284520132800290653001601618653002901634653002801663653002201691653001601713653003101729653002201760653002201782100001901804700002301823700002501846700001901871700001901890700002801909700002201937700002101959856012601980 2019 eng d a2073-434400aEpoxidation of karanja (Millettia pinnata) oil methyl esters in the presence of hydrogen peroxide over a simple niobium-containing catalyst0 aEpoxidation of karanja Millettia pinnata oil methyl esters in th cAPR a3440 v93 a

The synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of a conceptually simple, novel NbOx-SiO2 catalyst are here described. The niobium(V)-silica catalyst was prepared starting from cheap and viable reactants, by alkaline deposition of NH4Nb(C2O4)(2)H2O in the presence of fructose as a stabilizer and subsequent calcination. The NbOx-SiO2 solid (0.95 Nb wt.%) was tested in the liquid-phase epoxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide of methyl oleate, as a model substrate. It was then tested in the epoxidation of a mixture of methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification with methanol and purification of karanja oil, extracted from the autochthonous Indian variety of Millettia pinnata tree. The catalyst showed a promising performance in terms of methyl oleate conversion (up to 75%) and selectivity to epoxide (up to 82%). It was then tested on the FAME mixture from karanja oil, where interesting conversion values were attained (up to 70%), although with lower selectivities and yields to the mixture of desired epoxidized FAMEs. The solid withstood four catalytic cycles overall, during which a non-negligible surface reorganization of the Nb(V) sites was observed. However, this restructuring did not negatively affect the performance of the catalysts in terms of conversion or selectivity.

10aepoxidation10afatty acid methyl esters10aheterogeneous catalysis10aHydrogen peroxide10akaranja oil10amesoporous silica catalyst10aMillettia pinnata10aniobium catalysts1 aScotti, Nicola1 aRavasio, Nicoletta1 aEvangelisti, Claudio1 aPsaro, Rinaldo1 aPenso, Michele1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aGuidotti, Matteo uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/epoxidation-karanja-millettia-pinnata-oil-methyl-esters-presence-hydrogen-peroxide-over01821nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260000900288300001400297490000600311520097800317653001501295653001801310653001401328653001801342653001001360100001801370700002401388700001801412700002201430856012701452 2021 eng d a2365-654900aEffect of rice husk particle size on ZSM-5 physico-chemical properties for selective formation of 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-benzylbenzene (Pharmaceutical Intermediate)0 aEffect of rice husk particle size on ZSM5 physicochemical proper cFEB  a1255-12620 v63 a

Rice husk, rich in silica and abundantly available as waste, is presently destroyed by burning, which creates environmental issues. Thus, it will be advantageous if this rice husk waste can be used for preparation of valuable products. One of the application is its use as silica source in the synthesis of zeolites like ZSM-5, which are silico-aluminates. Rice husk waste is available in wide range of particle sizes in agricultural farms. There is no study available in open literature on use of these wide particle ranges for its direct application. This paper is an attempt to use wide particle size rice husk, its effect on ZSM-5 synthesis and its physico-chemical properties. Further these prepared ZSM-5 catalyst was evaluated for benzylation of mesitylene reaction. The study found that, rice husk of 600 mu m particle size is optimum as far as ZSM-5 synthesis, its physicochemical properties and further its application in mesitylene benzylation reaction.

10aMesitylene10aParticle size10arice husk10aSilica Source10aZSM-51 aGhuge, Gorakh1 aNiphadkar, Prashant1 aRathod, Simmy1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-rice-husk-particle-size-zsm-5-physico-chemical-properties-selective-formation-13502027nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000700244520137000251100002401621700002801645700002201673700002601695856012401721 2023 eng d a0021-956800aEquilibrium adsorption of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon on silver-exchanged hierarchical ETS-100 aEquilibrium adsorption of nitrogen oxygen and argon on silverexc cJUL a2159-21720 v683 a

Silver-exchanged hierarchical ETS-10(Ag-H-ETS-10) was synthesizedusing Ag+ exchange with hierarchical Engelhard titanosilicate(H-ETS-10) using silver nitrate solution. The physical propertiesof the adsorbent were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BETsurface area, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, pore volume,energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and high resolution-transmissionelectron microscopy (HR-TEM). N-2 physisorption data confirmedthat a micro-mesoporous (bimodal) structure was created in the Ag-H-ETS-10.The equilibrium adsorbent data of pure gases N-2, O-2, and Ar were investigated in the temperature range from 288to 318 K up to 10 bar. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Ag-H-ETS-10was found to be 1.12 mmol g(-1) for N-2,0.87 mmol g(-1) for O-2, and 1.09 mmol g(-1) for Ar at 298 K and & SIM;10 bar. & SIM;20% higheradsorption capacity was found for N-2 and Ar in Ag-H-ETS-10compared to Ag-ETS-10. The higher sorption capacity was attributedto the formation of a bimodal structure and & pi;-complexation interactionby the Ag cation, which allows a multilayer of N-2 and Armolecules. The Sips isotherm model was well fitted for the Ag-H-ETS-10experimental data among Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Temkin models.The measured equilibrium adsorption data for Ag-H-ETS-10 can be usefulfor the O-2 purification process.

1 aShrotri, Aadesh, R.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/equilibrium-adsorption-nitrogen-oxygen-and-argon-silver-exchanged-hierarchical-ets-1001911nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260000800269490000700277520108600284653001301370653004401383653002501427653001001452100002401462700002801486700002601514700002201540856013101562 2024 eng d a1944-744200aEffect of CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio in synthesis of micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite and its application in 5-EMF (biofuel additive) formation0 aEffect of CTMABrSiO2 molar ratio in synthesis of micromesoporous cJAN0 v433 a

Synthesis of micro-mesoporous zeolite composite with optimum micro and mesoporosity is an emerging research area due to its wide applications, especially in bulk chemical or biomass transformations. It offers advantages in preserving zeolite crystallinity, creating mesoporosity and converting bulky molecules into valuable products. This work presents the process of preparing bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 using dual templates (CTMABr and TPABr). XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, Si-29, and Al-27 NMR were used to analyze the two-dimensional micro-mesoporous ZSM-5. One-step synthesis of bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 features dual micro/mesoporosity by a marginal decrease in the crystallinity (71%). Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite was found to be dependent on the optimum CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.06. The micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite composite was evaluated for cascade synthesis of 5-EMF (methoxymethyl furfural- biofuel additive) from fructose and exhibited a five fold increase in 5-EMF yield to 24.2% as compared with parent ZSM-5 (4.6%).

10afructose10amethoxymethyl furfural-biofuel additive10amicro-meso composite10aZSM-51 aManal, Prajakta, N.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-ctmabrsio2-molar-ratio-synthesis-micro-mesoporous-zsm-5-composite-and-its-application