03115nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260011000266300001400376490000700390520221200397100002602609700002402635700002702659700002202686700002502708700002002733700002102753856012302774 2011 eng d a1463-926200aEcofriendly hydrogen production from abundant hydrogen sulfide using solar light-driven hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst0 aEcofriendly hydrogen production from abundant hydrogen sulfide u aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUL a2500-25060 v133 a

It is quite well-known that refineries are producing huge amount of H2S which has been used to produce sulphur and water using the well-known Claus process. This process is not an economically viable process, due to the high-cost chemical process and creates further acute environmental problems. Therefore, we have demonstrated the conversion of poisonous H2S into H-2 using an ecofriendly phocatalysis process which is a green unconventional energy source. We have investigated ecofriendly nanostructured ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst to produce hydrogen from H2S using solar light. We also demonstrate the controlled synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 using a facile hydrothermal method. The morphologies obtained have been greatly influenced by the presence of triethylamine (TEA) with various concentrations during the reaction. Surprisingly, a highly crystalline hexagonal layer structured ZnIn2S4 was obtained instead of cubic spinel. The hierarchical nanostructure, i.e. marigold flower-like morphology, was obtained without any surfactant. The thin and transparent petals self-assembled to form the unique nanostructured marigold flower. The highly crystalline puffy marigold flowers and nanoplates/nanostrips were obtained using TEA-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Optical study shows the band gap in the range of 2.34-2.48 eV. Considering the band gap in the visible region, ZnIn2S4 is used as photocatalyst for hydrogen production from hydrogen sulphide under solar light which is hitherto unattempted. The constant photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution, i.e. 5287 mu mol h(-1), was obtained using such hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 under visible light irradiation. It is noteworthy that the H-2 evolution rate obtained is much higher compared to earlier reported photocatalysts. Considering the significance of morphologies for photocatalytic application, the formation mechanism has also been furnished. The unique hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 ternary semiconductor having hexagonal layer will have potential applications in solar cells, LEDs, charge storage, electrochemical recording, thermoelectricity and other prospective electronic and optical devices.

1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aBhirud, Ashwini, P.1 aSonawane, Ravindra, S.1 aNikam, Latesh, K.1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aRane, Vilas, H.1 aKale, Bharat, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/ecofriendly-hydrogen-production-abundant-hydrogen-sulfide-using-solar-light-driven-002160nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260011000271300001400381490000700395520131800402100002401720700002601744700002401770700002201794700002101816856012901837 2012 eng d a1463-926200aEco-friendly, highly stable and efficient nanostructured p-type N-doped ZnO photocatalyst for environmentally benign solar hydrogen production0 aEcofriendly highly stable and efficient nanostructured ptype Ndo aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUL a2790-27980 v143 a

We have investigated an economical green route for the synthesis of a p-type N-doped ZnO photocatalyst by a wet chemical method. Significantly, hazardous H2S waste was converted into eco-friendly hydrogen energy using the p-type N-doped ZnO photocatalyst under solar light, which has previously been unattempted. The as-synthesized p-type N-doped ZnO shows a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The optical study shows a drastic shift in the band gap of the doped ZnO in the visible region (3.19-2.3 eV). The doping of nitrogen into the ZnO lattice is conclusively proved from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and Raman scattering. The morphological features of the N-doped ZnO are studied from FESEM, TEM and reveal particle sizes to be in the range of similar to 4-5 nm. The N-doped ZnO exhibits enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation (similar to 3957 mu mol h(-1)) by photodecomposition of hydrogen sulfide under visible light irradiation, which is much higher as compared to semiconductor metal oxides reported so far. It is noteworthy that a green catalyst is investigated to curtail H2S pollution along with production of hydrogen (green fuel) using solar light, i.e., a renewable energy source. The green process investigated will have the potential to synthesize other N-doped metal oxides.

1 aBhirud, Ashwini, P.1 aSathaye, Shivaram, D.1 aWaichal, Rupali, P.1 aNikam, Latesh, K.1 aKale, Bharat, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/eco-friendly-highly-stable-and-efficient-nanostructured-p-type-n-doped-zno-photocatalyst-003067nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245018000055210006900235260011000304300001400414490000700428520220400435100002102639700002202660700002102682700002402703700002102727856012502748 2013 eng d a1463-926200aEnvironmentally benign enhanced H-2 production from abundant copious waste H2S using size tuneable cubic bismuth (Bi-0) quantum dots-GeO2 glass photocatalyst under solar light0 aEnvironmentally benign enhanced H2 production from abundant copi aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcOCT a3459-34670 v153 a

Hydrogen sulfide is a copious gas produced in refineries (15-20%) as well as billions of tons produced as a by-product in alkali industries. Selectively, only 5% has been utilised for the Claus process to produce liquid sulfur and it is also well known for its uneconomical and environmental problems. Here, we have demonstrated a significant green approach for conversion of poisonous H2S into H-2 by stable cubic bismuth (Bi-0) quantum dot-glass nanosystems using solar light as the energy source. Previously, metal oxides and sulfides have been demonstrated as solar light photocatalysts. However, a unique bismuth quantum dot-glass nanosystem has been designed where cubic phase bismuth quantum dots of size 1-2 nm are grown in the germanate glass matrix successfully. The presence of bismuth (Bi-0) was confirmed by XRD, Raman, TEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The glass nanosystem shows quantum confinement with variation of the band gap from 2.95-1.51 eV. Considering the broad absorption from visible to near IR, we used this glass nanosystem as a solar light active photocatalyst and hydrogen production with respect to the quantum confinement of bismuth (Bi-0) quantum dots has been demonstrated for the first time. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production using glass nano-systems having bismuth quantum dot sizes of 1-2 nm and 3-6 nm was measured under solar light and prima fascia observations revealed that the glass nanosystems with very small quantum dots (1-2 nm) showed enhanced hydrogen evolution (11 541 mu mol h(-1) g(-1)) from H2S. The hydrogen evolution obtained is much higher than for previously reported visible light active nanostructured sulfide/oxide or embedded glass nanosystems. The glass nanosystems were also used for water splitting and show evolution of hydrogen without any co-catalyst. It is noteworthy that the quantum dot-glass photocatalyst is highly stable and catalyst regeneration is quite easy and fast. Hence, the QD-bismuth-glass nanocomposites have significant advantages over normal nanosized powder catalysts. Such unique glass nanosystems will also have great potential in photonics and optoelectronic applications.

1 aApte, Sanjay, K.1 aGaraje, Sunil, N.1 aNaik, Sonali, D.1 aWaichal, Rupali, P.1 aKale, Bharat, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/environmentally-benign-enhanced-h-2-production-abundant-copious-waste-h2s-using-size-002026nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260000800239300001600247490000700263520121100270100002301481700002601504700002801530700002001558700002201578700000501600700001701605700001701622700002101639856012401660 2021 eng d a0957-452200aEngineering microstructure of LiFe(MoO4)(2) as an advanced anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion battery0 aEngineering microstructure of LiFeMoO42 as an advanced anode mat cOCT a24273-242840 v323 aGraphite is considered as an ideal anode material for lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high stability, good conductivity and wide source of availability. However, the low energy density and theoretical capacity of graphite cannot meet the needs of high performance anode materials. To circumvent this issue, alternative materials have been sought for many years now. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly crystalline lithium iron molybdate LiFe(MoO4)(2) by combustion method and evaluated its performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Triclinic LiFe(MoO4)(2) crystals having particle size 2-5 mu m with good crystallinity were obtained. The material shows long cycle life and high rate performance than commercial graphite and exhibits first reversible discharge capacity of 931.6 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g which is three times higher than commercial graphite. The high specific capacity together with the outstanding rate and cycle performance makes LiFe(MoO4)(2) a promising anode material for LIB. A detailed analysis on the crystal structure and electronic properties of LiFe(MoO4)(2) is presented based on DFT studies to complement the experimental observations.1 aTamboli, Asiya, M.1 aTamboli, Mohaseen, S.1 aDwivedi, Pravin, Kumari1 aPraveen, C., S.1 aKarbhal, Indrapal1 a1 aKim, Bomyung1 aPark, Chinho1 aKale, Bharat, B. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/engineering-microstructure-lifemoo42-advanced-anode-material-rechargeable-lithium-ion